Forestry in India 633 



The appointment and promotion of men in the Provincial 

 services rests with the Provincial Governments, except that the 

 number and the scale of pay is fixed by the Imperial Government. 

 Men of the Provincial Service when appointed usually act as 

 assistants to Imperial Service men, but later may be promoted 

 to take charge of districts. Their pay rises from $1,000 per year 

 at entrance to $2200 after 16 years' service and may reach $3400, 

 with pensions. The Provincial Service now numbers 227, the 

 Subordinate service includes the rangers, deputy rangers, foresters, 

 guards and various other classes of employees. The nvimber 

 exceeds 20,000. 



Schools exist in nearly every province now for giving forest 

 training to rangers and guards, either in vernacular or in both 

 English and vernacular. It may be very difficult to teach forestry 

 to natives who not only know nothing about it, but whose language 

 contains no eqmvalent either for scientific or forest terms. This, 

 however, is one of the many Httle jobs taken on by the Indian 

 Forest Service. The training given the subordinate staff gives 

 them a general idea of the principles underlying their work, but 

 cannot give them energy, ambition or initiative, or make them 

 dependable. One of the greatest diffictdties of forest administra- 

 tion in India is the supervision of the subordinate staff to prevent 

 an utter break down of the machine. That the few men in the 

 Imperial Forest Service, with the materials at hand, have accom- 

 plished so much in the way of forest administration in India is 

 nothing short of a marvel. 



The unit of forest administration in India is the Division. 

 The forest Divisions, for convenience in administration, usually 

 coincide in boundaries with the civil districts. There are over 

 250 civil districts in India, and 166 forest Divisions. Divisions 

 are very large in provinces like Burma where the population is 

 comparatively sparse. Burma divisions reach a maximum area 

 of over 16,000 square miles of forest and 141,108 square miles 

 of forest is divided amongst 31 Divisions. Where population is 

 densest, and the forests more intensely worked, as in the United 

 Provinces, 13,258 square miles of forest is divided into fifteen 

 Divisions. 



The officer in charge of a Division may be an Imperial Officer, 

 in which case he will grade as Assistant or Deputy Conservator, 

 or he may be a Provincial Service man, in which case he will 



