640 Forestry Quarterly 



as will be met in many parts of Canada. The Survey of India has 

 done magnificent work in the survey of the whole of India. There 

 was a period, however, when surveys in forest regions were not 

 proceeding sufficiently rapidly and a survey branch was main- 

 tained by the Forest Service under direct supervision of the In- 

 spector General. The branch was later transferred to the Survey 

 of India and now forms the Forest Surveys Branch in that de- 

 partment, charged with all forest surveys and map publications 

 Indian forests, according to their value and the intensity of 

 working are surveyed on three scales, one two and four inches to 

 the mile. During the past five years the annual area surveyed 

 has been 184 square miles on the one-inch scale, 872 on the two- 

 inch, and five on the four-inch. The extremely low labor rates 

 in India enable survey costs to be kept down even in very difficult 

 country. Nearly all the work connected with surveying and 

 mapping is done by trained Indians. The cost in 1913 to 1914 

 varied from $5.30 to $18.70 per square mile for one-inch and two- 

 inch-scale work. There are still small areas imder working plans 

 which are not surveyed. 



The establishment of plainly marked boimdaries is an important 

 point in a country where the inhabitants believe only what they 

 see and see only what they can't overlook. It also fits in with the 

 official British passion in India for permanent structures. Bound- 

 aries are extremely well defined by broad, cleared lines, moiuids 

 and stone pillars. The total length of boimdaries of reserved 

 forests is now 165,051 miles of which only 3185 yet require de- 

 marcation. The cost per mile of new boundary is about $10. 

 The work could not be done in America for $100. 



The responsibilities of the Indian Forest Service with respect 

 to communications and buildings are rendered distinctive both by 

 the climate and the system of exploitation. European officers 

 could not spend half the year, as they do in India, camping in the 

 jimgle supervising field work were no rest houses provided. As 

 it is, only a sound man can live through 20 years of heat, wet, 

 fever and bad water. 



Excepting in some districts where the natural conditions make 

 tent life reasonable during the working seasons, btmgalows or 

 shelters are built at convenient halting points. An excellent 

 building can be put up for $400 to $700. The total expenditure 

 in new buildings varies between $150,000 to $190,000 annually. 



