676 Forestry Quarterly 



measure, per acre. Tree 1 was dominant, about 190 years old, 

 originated from seed, was 195 feet in height, bole 141 feet clear, 

 butt slightly swollen. Tree 5 was 176 years old, 182 feet in 

 height, 137 feet clear. 



Shipment 3 is taken as typical of the so-called Mountain fir, 

 came from Golden, B. C, about 4,000 feet above sea level; soil 

 coarse and gritty with fair amount of clay 12 inches deep, 

 underlaid with gravel below which is bed rock of schist; average 

 precipitation about 18 inches per year; extremes of temperature 

 occur; the stand of timber was 80 to 85 per cent Engelmann 

 spruce, then in order of frequency, Douglas fir, hemlock, cedar and 

 Lodgepole pine. The Douglas fir trees were dominant. Tree 

 8, was about 180 years old, was 99 feet in height, bole 32 feet clear. 

 Tree 10, about 270 years old, originated from seed, was 157 feet 

 in height with bole 63 feet clear, was grown on a 30 per cent 

 slope. 



From 2-1 the chief measurements were made, twenty discs, 

 including complete cross-sections of the tree, were cut out at stump 

 height, 2 feet from the ground, and then at intervals of 8 feet, these 

 discs being referred to as A, B, etc., as is shown in Figure 1. 

 From each of the other trees examined but one disc was taken, 

 these being at the following heights from the ground, 2-5 at 19 

 feet, 3-8 at 19 feet and 3-10 at 19 feet. With these latter discs 

 the cross-section of 2-1, 18 feet from the ground, is compared. 



Method of Preparation 



Preliminary data, including soundness, measurements of total 

 diameter, sapwood, rate of growth along radius from which fibers 

 were measured, number of annual rings, etc., were made by visual 

 inspection, after which samples were removed along a certain radius 

 at intervals of every twenty annual rings from the periphery in- 

 wards, including the first and last year's growth. Figure 1 shows 

 diagramatically the manner in which the chips were removed, each 

 dot in the diagram representing the point from which the sample 

 was taken. Each chip removed in this manner was given a num- 

 ber which indicates directly the multiple of 20 it is from the 

 periphery, thus 2-1-D-O means shipment 2, tree 1, disc D, last 

 annual ring, 2-1-D-5 indicates 100 annual rings from the periphery, 

 and 2-1-F-5 refers to the same annual ring as the last but, being in 

 disc F, is 8 feet higher in the log. In general the shipment and 



