704 Forestry Quarterly 



At this point may be mentioned a number of other foreign trees, 

 which have been introduced and are now well established, and 

 whose woods are used in various ways. The monkey-pod, Pithe- 

 colobium samang, is valued locally for ship timbers in the con- 

 struction of the Japanese sampans, and for cabinet work. The 

 ironwood, Casuarina equisetifolia, the beef -wood, Grevillea 

 robusta, and the gums, Eucalyptus spp., all from the South Pacific, 

 are extensively planted along plantation roadways, and are used 

 for posts, flume timbers, etc. The wood of two fruit trees, the 

 mango, Mangijera indie a, and the bread-fruit, Artocarpus incisa, 

 is often used for poi-boavds, house timbers, firewood, etc. The 

 Orientals make large quantities of charcoal from the guava, 

 Psidium guayava, which in many lowland regions forms extensive 

 * ' chaparral ' ' thickets . 



A very hardy endemic tree, with a wide range of adaptability a 

 to elevation and habitat, and of considerable economic value, is the 

 ntamane, (Sophora chrysophylla Seem.). This is a legume, fifteen 

 to forty feet tail, -vvdth a trunk of ten to twenty-four inches in 

 diameter. The pinnate leaves are five or six inches long, with six 

 to ten pairs of leaflets. At high altitude these, and other parts of 

 the plant, are covered with silvery or golden pubescence. The 

 bright yellow flowers are clustered in pendulous axillary and ter- 

 minal racemes ; the pods are four to five inches long, quadrangular, 

 and deeply constricted between the seeds. 



The mamani occurs on all the islands save Oahu and Molokai. 

 There is no explanation for this remarkable hiatus in its range. It 

 grows from sea-level to ten thousand feet elevation; on the low- 

 lands it is always a shrub, and attains its best development at an 

 elevation of about 5,000 feet, on the slopes of Mauna Loa. The 

 most extensive belts of mamani occur on this and on the other high 

 mountains of Hawaii — Mauna Kea and Hu-ala-lai. According to 

 Rock the very numerous wild cattle and horses of Mauna Kea 

 "Uve almost exclusively on the young leafy shoots of the mamani 

 during the dry season, when there is no grass available." 



The mamani wood is very hard, and unusually durable in con- 

 tact with the soil. It makes excellent fence posts, and is gen- 

 erally used by the ranclimen of Hawaii for that purpose. The 

 high altitudes of the best groves has prevented the commercial 

 exploitation of the mamani, but there is little question as to the 

 valuable properties of the wood. There is considerable evidence 



