February, '11] HOWARD: ALEYRODES ENEMIES 131 



India. Even in localities where citrus trees grow in the jungle, appar- 

 ently wild and mingled with jungle vegetation, Aleyrodes citri was 

 found. Everywhere in India, however, he found that the species was 

 under control although no artificial measures are used. Nowhere did 

 he find trees blackened with the concomitant smut fungus, a sight 

 which is all too common in the portions of Florida where the white fly 

 exists. In onl}' one instance, in the center of a thickly growing tree, 

 did the presence of black smut indicate the presence of the white fly 

 in at all unusual numbers. 



These conditions indicated the presence either of internal insect i)ara- 

 sites — presumably hymenopterous, — efficient predatory insect ene- 

 mies or efficient fungous diseases, or all three. At Saharampur in the 

 valley of the Ganges, not far from Delhi, he found a fungous disease 

 which he sent to Prof. H. S. Fawcett, of the Agricultural Experiment 

 Station at Gainesville, Fla., who has found that it is identical with 

 the species already occurring in Florida, namely Aegerita webberii 

 Fawcett. He also found in this same locality, in the Botanical Gar- 

 dens, two species of Coccinellidse which he has sent over in small num- 

 bers, but which have not as yet been received in living condition. 



These Coccinellidse have been determined by Mr. E. A. Schwarz of 

 the Bureau of Entomology. The first one is Ver-ania cardoni Weise 

 The specific determination is certain, but there may be some doubt 

 as to the generic position. The species belongs to the Coccinellidse 

 which are supposed to be aphidivorous. It seems not to be rare in 

 India, since its name appears upon the various lists of Coccinellidse 

 collected in that country. The second species is supposed to be Cryp- 

 tognatha flavescens Mots., described from Ceylon. The description 

 is a little more than one line in length, and the determination is there- 

 fore doubtful. Nq species of Cryptognatha or allied genera appears 

 upon any list of the Indian Coccinellidse which Mr. Schwarz was able 

 to consult. The only North American species of Cryptognatha (now 

 separated by Casey as a different genus), C. (Oeneis) pusilla, is known 

 to Mr. Schwarz to feed upon Lecanium and Aleyrodes. 



At Lahore, Mr. Woglum found his first evidence of internal para- 

 sitism by hymenopterous parasites. A certain proportion of the 

 Aleyrodes found upon orange (]\Ir. Quaintance has confirmed the 

 identity of the species with A. citri) were found containing the exit 

 holes of a true parasite. The specimens on leaves sent in by Mr. Wog- 

 lum have been examined with great care. None of the full-grown 

 larvse or nymphs contained pupal parasites, but five specimens of a 

 very minute Aphelinine of the genus Prospaltella were found dead 

 and attached to the orange leaves in the close vicinity of the per- 

 forated Aleyrodes. The size of these specimens is such as to justify 



