140 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 4 



While the information about the habits, hfe histories, etc., of these 

 species is still rather limited, it seems quite desirable that this informa- 

 tion should be brought together, that the attention of workers in 

 different parts of the country may be centered upon these as possible 

 serious pests, and definite knowledge acquired so that whatever may 

 be done in the direction of suppression may be adopted in proper 

 season. 



President Sanderson: Is there any discussion of this paper? 



Mr. R. L. Webster: I would like to ask Professor Osborn where 

 the eggs are laid. 



Mr. Osborn: We should find them in the tissues of the stems of 

 the plant. I would not want to make a general statement, but there 

 is where we look for them. 



Mr. R. L. Webster: I have found them in the woody tissues of 

 the apple. I suspect they might lay their eggs in various places. As 

 I remember, in this case I bred the larvae on apple and they deposited 

 eggs in the woody tissue. 



Mr. Osborn: I might add that there are some species of Ceresa 

 which act in very much the same manner as Stictocephala. 



President Sanderson: The next paper on the program is by 

 Professor Washburn on "Methods of Securing the Fertilization of 

 Clover by Means of Bumblebees, in Experiments with Bruchophagus 

 funebris.^' 



A METHOD OF SECURING THE FERTILIZATION OF CLOVER 

 BY MEANS OF BUMBLEBEES, IN EXPERIMENTS WITH 

 BRUCHOPHAGUS FUNEBRIS 



By F. L. Washburn, St. Anthony Park, Minn. 



At the very beginning of work on the life history of Bruchophagus 

 we found it necessary to secure clover seed properly fertilized and yet 

 immune from insect attack. This, as we discovered, was a most 

 difficult thing to accomplish. For two years we tried in vain to do 

 this by hand pollination, the work being begun by Mr. Ruggles, and 

 continued by Doctor Franklin. Naturally, we were discouraged. 

 I am happy to say, however, that this year, by the method described 

 here, we have succeeded in this very essential matter, and have had 

 no trouble in securing fertilized seed, suffering in no way from insect 

 attack, and thus forming a basis for investigations on the life history 

 of the insect in question. As stated above, the work was begun over 



