Apn\, '11] WEBSTER: WHEAT-HEAD ARMY-WORM 179 



Bearing in mind that any plan of control proposed must be prac- 

 ticable and economical for the grower, the following program is 

 offered : 



With early or summer fruit the drops should be picked up twice a 

 week. With the typical varieties handled this last summer, this 

 frequency will eliminate 97.6 per cent of the maggots that would 

 otherwise have matured and entered the ground. 



With fall varieties the interval may be made once a week, giving 

 results of 99.6 per cent of the maggots eliminated. 



With late fall and winter varieties the drops should be picked up 

 once in two weeks, giving results of 98.2 per cent of the maggots 

 •eliminated. 



President Sanderson: The next paper will be presented by Pro- 

 fessor Osborn. 



SOME NOTES ON INJURIOUS LEAF HOPPERS 



By Herbert Osborn, Columbtis, Ohio 

 [Withdrawn for publication elsewhere.] 



President Sanderson: Discussion of this paper? The next 

 paper will be given by Mr. R. L. Webster of Ames, la. 



NOTES ON THE WHEAT-HEAD ARMY-WORM (MELIANA 

 ALBILINEA HUBNER) AS A TIMOTHY PEST 



By R. L. Webster 



Recent injury. During the past year much damage to timothy has 

 been caused by the wheat-head army-worm in Iowa. The most 

 serious damage was in the northern half of the state, although the 

 insect was fairly common elsewhere. This outbreak extended into 

 Minnesota and eastern South Dakota, so I have been informed. 



Appearance of the injury. The larvae gnaw into the heads of timo- 

 thy, wheat, rye, other small grains, and some of the wild grasses, but 

 they prefer timothy to anything else. The damage is mainly to the 

 timothy seed crop, since the larvae eat the seeds. Where the injury 

 is severe the hay crop may be considerably affected. The larvae begin 

 to feed at the bottom of the head and work upward, sometimes eating 

 only one side, sometimes taking all but the stem, allowing the chaff 

 to fall to the ground. 



