184 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 4 



fact we could not tell whether we had two or three species to deal with. 

 It is quite likely that there are three different species. One authority 

 says that the species he has dealt with is the same all over the coun- 

 try. Now, if Professor Webster has those specimens still, I should 

 like the privilege of examining them, and see which of the particular 

 forms he has found and bred. Of course, it is likely that all those are 

 of one species, but it will help us to get some information. 



Mr. Washburn: An army worm in Minnesota this year was 

 extremely destructive to timothy in the southern part of the state. 

 I believe at least two thirds of the timothy seed in Minnesota was 

 destroyed. 



President Sanderson: I think this finishes the papers to the 

 symposium on spraying machinery. Professor Ball is not here, but 

 has sent his paper, which will be read by the secretary. 



SPRAYING APPARATUS FOR ORCHARD INSECTS 



By E. D. Ball, Logan, Utah 



While it is possible to do thorough orchard spraying with nearly 

 all makes of spraying apparatus on the market at the present time, 

 still there are many things to be desired before the highest efficiency 

 will be reached. 



There is a movement on foot at the present time to standardize 

 the requirements of the different spraying outfits and to make tests 

 of their comparative efficiency. This is a good movement and one 

 which the entomologist should encourage in every way possible, and 

 now is a very opportune time for us to discuss the problems connected 

 with spraying apparatus in general and point out the lines in which 

 improvement should be made in order to increase efficiency. No 

 doubt many improvements and changes will be made as the result 

 of these tests from time to time and if the lines along which improve- 

 ments are needed are pointed out, it may assist the manufacturers 

 to more rapidly reach the desired ends. 



The construction of pumps was long ago reduced to a science and 

 there is little room for improvement along general lines of pump 

 construction. The adaptation, however, of some of these principles 

 to uses in connection with high pressures and different spray mixtures 

 needs further consideration. The present line of barrel pumps 

 scarcely come within the class of orchard sprayers. A few of the 

 larger ones with large air chambers and arrangements whereby the 

 packing of the plunger may be tightened at any time are capable 

 of developing and maintaining sufficient pressure to be efficient 



