188 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 4 



.around it are numerous. The width makes it difficult to get through 

 the orchard without injuring the trees and the raihng is constantly in 

 the way of the operator in handling the back end of his pole. The 

 tower of the future will probably be constructed with a narrower base 

 and coming to an apex much like the present windmill tower, on top 

 of which will be placed a small round platform with a footrail and in 

 the center a single iron post with a revolving seat similar to a minia- 

 ture saddle or a racing bicycle seat. With this type of seat, the oper- 

 ator can cling to the seat by clasping it with his legs and with his feet 

 on the- small round platform, will be free to move around and at the 

 same time have perfect freedom in handling his pole and hose. Where 

 two operators are spraying from one machine, such a platform can be 

 constructed at each end of the outfit. These small 'steel towers if 

 sufficiently braced could be made removable by removing four 

 bolts or so that they would fold down on removing two, which would 

 enable the outfit to quickly pass through otherwise inaccessible places. 

 As a final word, the writer would suggest that the greatest difficulty 

 met with in practical work to-day is the fact that so few of the man- 

 ufacturers place their machines in the field fully equipped for the 

 work which they are required to do. The writer has time and again 

 been called on to assist in starting an outfit, only to find that it lacked 

 a number of small, but necessary parts, such as cut-offs, angles, satis- 

 factory hose-couplings and, in many cases, efficient nozzles. 



President Sanderson : The next paper will be read by Mr. Worth- 

 ley. 



SPRAYING OF WOODLAND AND SHADE TREES 



By L. H. WoRTHLEY, Boston, Mass. 



The subject which has been assigned to me is one of great economic 

 importance in its relation to the suppression of leaf-eating insects. 

 In all the world's history, I believe there is no parallel to the heroic 

 fight being made by the state of Massachusetts in her efforts to protect 

 the forests and shade trees within her borders from the deadly ravages 

 •of the gypsy and brown-tail moths. Thousands of men have been 

 employed, and millions of dollars expended already, and the battle 

 is still raging. 



Of the various methods employed since the early nineties, in my 

 opinion, none has proven more effective than spraying with arsenical 

 poisons. While spraying operations have been carried on in Mas- 



