204 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 4 



were satisfactory and to cursory observation almost indistinguishable. 

 Part of the home-made concentrated lime-sulfur was kept over winter 

 and used in the spring. Some sediment formed in this home-made con- 

 centrated product and we were not able to satisfy ourselves that it 

 would in all cases be equal to the commercial brands, although our 

 result from the field test seemed quite satisfactory. 



We used lime-sulfur and arsenate of lead combined for spraying 

 apples and obtained more satisfactory results with this mixture than 

 with arsenate of lead combined with bordeaux or with bordeaux 

 to which sulfate of iron had been added. Seven orchards aggregating 

 about one hundred and forty acres in extent and located in different 

 quarters of the state were employed in these tests. The results on 

 both foliage and fruit with the lime-sulfur mixtures were superior to 

 those obtained with the other combinations, but were not perfect by 

 any means in some respects. For instance, we russeted the fruit very 

 noticeably on some varieties, though not so badly as with the other 

 sprays. That variety influences the result with this spray exactly as 

 it does when bordeaux is used seems proved to us by the difference no- 

 ticed in the apples in our variety orchard at the experiment station. 

 Trees of different varieties standing in the same row and sprayed from 

 the same tankful of material and only a few minutes apart, would 

 exhibit all gradations of russeting from perfect skins without suspicion 

 of a blemish to cracked and distorted fruit that could easily serve as 

 illustrations of bordeaux injury. But the aggregate of damage was 

 much less than where bordeaux was used in the same orchard, and the 

 foliage was in all respects better. The horticultural department of 

 the station gathered the notes on these varietal results. In southern 

 Ohio three sprayings with lime-sulfur, once before bloom, just as the 

 buds were beginning to show pink, a second time in combination with 

 arsenate of lead just after bloom, and a third time in late July, failed 

 to satisfactorily control the leaf-spot or frog-eye fungus (Sphceropsis 

 maJorum and Coniothyrium pirini) though results were better than 

 with bordeaux. An inspection made in early June showed a wonderful 

 difference in favor of the lime-sulfur as compared with bordeaux, but 

 later developments more nearly balanced the comparison. A late 

 freeze destroyed all of the fruit on this orchard and we obtained results 

 on foliage alone. Commercial lime-sulfur was used in all of these 

 tests. The degree of dilution was about one to thirty, and was 

 reduced to uniform strength for the tests by hydrometer determina- 

 tions. 



We used self-boiled lime-sulfur combined with arsenate of lead 

 on peaches, plums and cherries, using an orchard of about five acres 

 each of plums and peaches, and about one-half acre of cherries, the 



