526 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 4 



part, to the abundance of one of its egg parasites, Pentarthron rtiinutum, 

 Riley. 



Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. The destructive spring freeze of last 

 year, which played havoc with fruit in the state, had its effect on the 

 codhng moth as well as on the fruit. Where there were any apples 

 at all last year, the codling moth was fairly common this j^ear. But 

 where all the fruit was lost, the insect was very rare indeed. 



About Ames, where there were a few apples last year, the codling 

 moth infestation was about normal, possibly slightly less than normal. 

 Two varieties of apples. Wealthy and Ralls, came through with a fair 

 crop last year, but practically everything else was killed by the frost. 



In July I made a short trip in southwestern Iowa, where the fruit 

 industr}^ is of some little importance. About Glenwood, in Mills 

 county, scarcely a sign of a wormy apple was found. I found one 

 wormy apple in a day's time spent in orchards about this place. A 

 very few second brood eggs were seen at this time, but not many. 

 Practically all the orchards in this county were unsprayed, which fact 

 makes the absence of the codling moth all the more notable. Most 

 of the orchards had never seen a spraying outfit. 



South from Glenwood, about Hamburg, close to the Missouri line, 

 there was more codling moth injury in the orchards. Here, again, 

 there were some apples the year before, so the larvffi were not com- 

 pletely starved out, as at Glenwood. The infestation around Ham- 

 burg was light, however, and since much spraying is done there, the 

 insect was well kept in check. 



Canarsia hammondi Riley. At Randolph, in southwestern Iowa, I 

 ran into a severe infestation of the apple leaf skeletonizer in July. 

 This insect is not an uncommon one in the state, although it rarely 

 occurs in abundance. In this particular orchard at Randolph every 

 tree was more or less injured. The damage was mostly in the top of 

 the trees, and always on the young growth. At the tops of the trees 

 the young branches were eaten back from one to two feet, so that the 

 upper parts of the trees were bare and brown. These trees were 

 sprayed with arsenate of lead for the codling moth after the blossoms 

 had fallen, but not again that season. Since the skeletonizers kept 

 to the younger growth they avoided the poison to a great extent. A 

 considerable amount of the arsenate of lead was found still adhering 

 to the leaves late in July, the scant rainfall of the season being insuffi- 

 cient to wash it all off. 



Grasshoppers. Three species of grasshoppers were abundant in 

 Iowa this year, Melanoplus bivittatus Say, Melanoplus Jeniur-ruhrum 

 DeG., and Melanoplus differentialis Thos. Much damage was done 

 to corn and also to small grain. Even apple trees in the vicinity of 



