6 Forestry Quarterly. 



in the case of stumps cut too high and trees cut under size the 

 number of each species is given, and the head office immediately 

 sends a bill to the offending jobber for the amount, as specified in 

 his contract. 



In addition to this work, valuation surveys by the strip method, 

 using a party of four men, have been run over ioo square miles 

 of territory, and general reports of the character and approximate 

 amount of timber on 584 square miles of territory have been made. 

 Besides, growth studies were made on six hundred and fifty bal- 

 sam and three hundred spruce trees, giving the data for volume 

 and yield tables. Five thousand trees were planted. Studies of 

 the waste in logging under former methods have also been made. 



The work is organized as follows. The Forester is in charge 

 of the whole establishment of 42 men. One man attends to office 

 work, supplies and outfits ; one man in charge of maps, does the 

 drafting and attends to such boundary surveys as must be made 

 from time to time to determine whether trespasses have been com- 

 mitted or else to prevent them. There is also a head of survey 

 division in charge of topographical surveys, and a head of fire 

 ranging and inspection service. 



Since the Government prescribes a diameter limit, not much 

 can be done along silvicultural lines, except to try and log so as to 

 hinder reproduction as little as possible, and to leave seed trees. 

 The writer has noticed, however, that the balsam reproduces much 

 more easily and rapidly than the spruce, and as the spruce has 

 been the favorite wood for pulp the character of the forests has 

 been gradually changing, the removal of the spruce favoring the 

 reproduction of balsam which is everywhere coming in rapidly 

 and crowding out the spruce. As the balsam yields less pulp and 

 as throughout this country it is of poor quality, and at least 40% 

 affected with heart rot and red heart, it seems that such a system 

 of cutting is slowly but surely depreciating the value of the 

 limits. This Company has gradually increased its cut of balsam, 

 and the writer has advised cutting the balsam clean, down to the 

 diameter limit set by the Government and leaving the spruce to 

 grow for a future cut. One very important side of the work has 

 been the business management which it has been endeavored to 

 standardize, simplify and so conduct, that accurate cost records 



