Periodical Literature. 203 



positions over 24,000 plants, showing that the modern practice 

 furnishes sufficient numbers. The better development of plants 

 in the more open position in the nursery (less than 25 lbs. per 

 acre) as compared with denser sowings is pointed out as argu- 

 ment for opener stands in the field. Examples of results, show- 

 ing for relatively open stands larger cross section area and height, 

 than in denser stands, are adduced. 



The proposition to plant in plats several 1-2 year old pines 

 in one plat seems like combining the disadvantages of sowing 

 with that of a poor, wide spaced plantation. 



Dichte oder weitstandige Kulturen. Zeitschrift fur Forst-u. Jagdwesen, 

 January, 1909, pp. 34-48. 



The Swedish Tidskrift collects every year 



Variability information regarding the seed crops of 



of pine and spruce in different parts of Sweden 



Seed Supply. and publishes it in maps which by varied 



shading shows the character of the seed 

 crop. The scale used is as follows : no yield, when no cones to 

 be found ; small yield, when cones sparse on single trees in 

 the open ; better yield, when cones general on trees in the open 

 or on forest borders ; good yield, when cones general also in 

 middle aged and old stands ; ample yield, when large number of 

 cones on most trees of middle aged and old stands. The seed- 

 ing in the fall of 1908 was generally poor, especially for spruce, 

 but while the latter varied from none to poor with only 4 of the 

 90 districts having a better yield, the greatest variety was found 

 in the seeding of pine, of which districts with good yields ad- 

 joined not only districts with better but also with poor yields, 

 apparently without any demonstrable reason, as far as climatic 

 influence is concerned. 



For pine, one-year cones as well as two-year cones are re- 

 ported, and it is interesting to note that the favorable reports of 

 the one-year cone crop in 1907 was not by any means always real- 

 ized as a good two-year cone crop in the following year, and vice 

 versa, when an improvement occurs ; this is supposedly due to a 

 difference in the reporter's observations. 



Tillgangen pa tall och grankott i sverige hosten, iqo8. Skogsvards- 

 foreningens Tidskrift, January, 1909, pp. 39-42. 



