212 Forestry Quarterly. 



the latter, which is done for purchase or sale, more precise calcu- 

 lations are necessary than in statics ; moreover the former deals 

 with the single stand, while the latter weighs measures to be 

 taken with reference to large aggregates ; hence the propriety 

 of making it a special discipline. 



Zur Wiirdigung der forstlichcn Statik. Forstwissenschaftliches Central- 

 blatt, January, 1909, pp. 9-23. 



UTILIZATION, MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY. 



The harvest of berries, mushrooms, etc., 

 Forest plays not an unimportant part of some of 



By the German forest districts, both as regards 



Products. an addition to the income of the district 



and of the poor population, as will be real- 

 ized when it is stated that the buyers of huckleberries in one of 

 the districts in Pomerania, according to the size of the harvest 

 pay from $18,000 to $30,000 and more annually. In the forests 

 of Eberswalde 5,600 permits are sold at only 1.5 cents, giving 

 rise to an income for the gatherers estimated at over $20,000. 



The gathering of these forest by-products is regulated in the 

 different districts in the same manner as the wood harvest. In 

 the dukedom of Anhalt, for instance, a permit to gather certain 

 fruits must be obtained, which for hazelnuts costs from 25 to 50 

 cents, for mushrooms and the different berry crops each to 7 

 cents for "favored," 12 cents for ordinary, and 36 cents for "un- 

 favored" gatherers. The "favored" are the regular laborers in 

 the forest, and notoriously needy persons or such living within 

 the forest, the "unfavored" are strangers. 



The management of this resource is otherwise in the discretion 

 of the district officer, who can also exclude from benefits per- 

 sons convicted of various forest crimes or repeatedly disregard- 

 ing ordinances, and children under 14 years except when in com- 

 pany of their parents. They may also be withheld from laborers 

 who without good reason refuse to work in the forest. The per- 

 mits may be restricted to certain days or even hours, and must 

 be shown to the forest guard when demanded. In the discretion 

 of the district manager permits may also be given free of charge, 

 if the harvest would be of no moment to the treasury. 



Even in this direction rights of user, old rights to gather berries 



