256 Forestry Quarterly. 



trunks keeping guard over the huge boulders, left white and 

 shining after man has uncovered, after fire has burned, and rain 

 washed them. What little growth can find a foothold here con- 

 sists of Cherry, Birch and Scrub Oak, with quantities of laurel 

 and rhododendron. 



But as we approach camp we gradually enter a dense virgin 

 forest, of mixed conifers and hardwoods, Hemlock (Tsuga cana- 

 densis) and Spruce (Picea rubcns) forming 90% °f the whole. 

 Hardwoods form the lower story and are most abundant and best 

 developed on the moist, richer soil of the valleys, seldom extending 

 to the tops of the mountains. The species making up the forest 

 are found in about the following proportions: Hemlock, 45%; 

 Spruce, 45%; Birch, 5%; Beech, 3%; Cherry, 1%; Maple, 

 .5%; others, .5%. 



The reproduction is, in most cases, rather poor. In places the 

 laurel is so dense as to be nearly impenetrable, making impos- 

 sible any reproduction of the above species. But where this is not 

 the case, as where an open space has been left by logging, or fire, 

 or where the crown density is sufficiently open, good reproduction 

 is found, especially that of hemlock and spruce. These two species 

 are very thick to fill up any open spaces in the woods, which fact 

 must be taken practical advantage of in any plan for management 

 of these lands. 



Contract. — The logging contract specifies that the logs be placed 

 upon the skidway beside the railroad track, ready for loading, and 

 paid for according to the log scale of the company's scaler, using 

 the Doyle rule. The price paid per thousand varies with the 

 topography of the country and the distance from the railroad. 

 Dickson was paid $5 per thousand, which is a little more than the 

 average price. If the contractor loaded the cars, as was usually 

 the case, fifty cents per thousand additional was paid, making a 

 total of $5.50 per thousand for logs loaded on cars in the woods. 

 The company owns three steam log-loaders, anyone of which may 

 be rented by the jobber for $25 per day. 



The company pays $4 per ton, which is approximately equal to 

 a cord of 128 cubic feet, for hemlock bark, in four-foot lengths, 

 loaded on the cars. 



Spruce pulpwood is cut in 8 and 12-foot lengths and down to 

 four inches at the small end. The jobber is paid $3 per cord on 

 the cars. 



