260 Forestry Quarterly. 



fifty-foot log is taken out, frequently two additional logs are cut 

 from the same tree. 



Simond's saws are used exclusively. 



The cost of sawing is about 95 cents per thousand, as follows : 



Per M. 

 6 Sawyers a $240 per month $0.24 



3 Choppers " 120 " " . 12 



6 Knot Bumpers " 210 " " .21 



1 Filer " 90 " " .09 



16 men at 60c board per day .29 



Total $0.95 



Skidding. — One of the most difficult and dangerous operations 

 in the whole work is snaking the logs, often five or more at a time, 

 down the steep sides of the mountain. 



In this operation Langham grabs are used, which consist of 

 two five-inch dogs, attached to opposite ends of a short chain, 

 which are driven into the abutting ends of two logs. For use in 

 large logs, where one grab or grapple would be apt to pull out, 

 double grabs, or "four-paws" as they are called, are used, thus 

 having two dogs to each log. 



There is one grab-driver to each two teams, who is provided 

 with an axe. a sledge, a canthook, a block, two chains and several 

 pairs of grabs. Where there is a particularly steep place, the 

 grab-driver drives the grab into a log, the stretcher is then caught 

 just back of the small knob on the grab, and the log started. 

 When it is in the road and has got fairly under way, at a word 

 from the driver the horses step quickly to one side, the stretcher 

 slips from off" the knob on the grab and the log goes sliding down 

 hill at a tremendous rate. This operation is repeated until sufficient 

 logs are got to a less steep place. The coupling up of the logs 

 for the drive to the skidway at the bottom of the mountain then 

 proceeds as under ordinary circumstances, and is as follows : 

 Beginning usually with the log farthest up the hill, the grab- 

 driver places a grab in the end, the team hitches on and drags 

 the log up till the back end of it is just even with the front end 

 of the next log. These two logs are then fastened together with 

 single or double grabs as the case may be, and are then pulled on 

 down to the next log, which is similarly fastened on behind. In 

 order that the logs may not be continually catching against pro- 



