272 Forestry Quarterly. 



In addition, the following- instructions which supersede the old 

 diameter limit methods have been issued for the Western Yellow 

 Pine type. For convenient reference, these have been divided 

 numerically into a number of paragraphs in order that each one 

 may be referred to specifically. 



Pure Western Yellow Pine Type. 



(1.) "Yellow Pine stands are naturally open and on much of 

 the land included in this type, the ground is now but partly and 

 insufficiently stocked with young timber. In many cases the forest 

 maintains itself as against chaparral with difficulty, and reproduc- 

 tion depends largely upon the protection against evaporation. 

 This makes a selection system of marking obligatory. A con- 

 servative policy is especially advisable since the areas of forest are 

 constantly becoming more accessible to market and there is every 

 indication of a strong future demand at greatly increased prices. 



All marking, then, should be by a conservative selection system. 

 But the exact form of cutting must be decided according to the 

 nature of the stand. Two conditions ordinarily present them- 

 selves : 



(2.) Where there are young trees present and a second cut can 

 be obtained in about forty years, sales should rarely be made. In 

 such cases at least one-third of the trees at present large enough 

 to be merchantable must be left for a future cutting. This means 

 that at least 1,500 or 2,000 feet should be left to the acre, and, in 

 heavy stands, more — up to one-third of the total stand. No sales 

 should be made in stands so open that 1,500 feet can not be left 

 and the logging be done at a profit. Leave all "black jacks" unless 

 plainly undesirable from serious unsoundness or overcrowding, or 

 so misshapen that they will not develop into valuable timber trees. 

 In general, leave all thrifty trees which will plainly be much more 

 valuable at the time of another cutting. 



(3.) Where the stand is composed wholly of mature or over- 

 mature timber, or with only very scattering "black jacks" or 

 healthy young yellow pines, it will be necesary to start a new 

 crop from seed, and consequently in any cutting enough seed trees 

 must be left to seed up the area amply. Before marking any tree 

 for removal, therefore, be sure that it is not needed for seed, for 

 the best trees for producing seed, irrespective of size, must be left. 

 Young, thrifty yellow pines or large thrifty "black jacks" with 



