336 Forestry Quarterly. 



3. An increase in volume production of pine stands by mixing 

 in spruce is attainable only on the best pine sites, and in type 1 

 especially needful because here site conditions are more favorable 

 to spruce. 



4. Apparently the beech-spruce mixture does not produce more 

 volume than the pure spruce forest, while value production is 

 greatly depressed by beech admixture. 



5. To determine the best method of growing and managing 

 mixed forest, careful studies on the basis of stem analyses are 

 valuable. 



6. The artificial establishment of even-aged mixed stands of 

 pine and spruce are admissible only on the best sites ; on the 

 poorer sites, the spruce is best introduced in the polewood stage 

 by underplanting, in order to correct the branchiness of the pine 

 growing up in the open stand. 



7. Both technical and financial considerations make higher rota- 

 tions advisable for pine-spruce mixture than for pure pine stands. 



Untersuchungen in Mischbestanden. Zeitschrift fur Forst-u. Jagd- 

 wesen. May, 1909, pp. 313-332. 



Although referring to a particular locality 

 Silvicultural and species, the discussion and report of ex- 

 Problems. periments by Forstrat Abele on the natural 



regeneration of fir in the Bavarian moun- 

 tains is most suggestive to all who wish to understand silvicultural 

 problems. 



The discussion refers to the region of the Bavarian mountains, 

 a range of 100,000 acres, with an altitude of 1,800 to 4,500 feet, 

 mainly gneiss and granite. Up to 3,800 feet the forest consists of 

 a mixture of spruce, fir and beech, some 12,000 acres being in 

 selection forest, 170 to 200 years old and more, culled and open, 

 weedy, with about 60 to 70 % of normal stock. 



The aim of the management has been to grow by natural re- 

 generation the three species in mixture of 50% spruce, 20% fir 

 and 30% beech, but, in spite of the preponderance of the fir in the 

 old stand and apparently proper management, no success has been 

 had in propagating the fir. While in the old stands over 100 years 

 the fir forms 68.6%, in those below 100 years not more than 4.2 

 to 8.5% appear. 



The greatest diversity of opinions as to the reason for this fail- 



