Periodical Literature. 339 



ment for a satisfactory seeding and development of fir, although 

 a newly fallen leaf layer is not objectionable. 



While the influence of weeds could not very conclusively be 

 shown on the experimental plats, except the first set, where the 

 germination was in the first place interfered with, observations on 

 the felling areas show the presence of grass especially inimical to 

 the young regeneration. Especially in the first year the fir is, ac- 

 cording to Dr. Martin, very sensitive, to the withdrawal of 

 moisture by the grass, especially where a certain degree of light 

 favors the weed growth ; its shade endurance is the sole weapon 

 of defence, so that even under dense beech regeneration it can 

 maintain itself and develop. 



Occasionally several species of snout beetles and fungi were ob- 

 served as damaging the young growth. The conclusion is that the 

 main cause of the failing regeneration may lie in insufficiency of 

 seed supply, and in the grass and weedgrowth impeding germina- 

 tion and further development of seedlings. In the combat with 

 grasses and weeds endowed with an extensive root system, the 

 seedling with its scanty organs of nutrition must succumb. 



The unfavorable conditions have come about gradually, so that 

 in the last 50 to 60 years neither fir nor spruce have reproduced, 

 and the conditions for natural regeneration are lost. Here, Mar- 

 tin's and Schwappaclrs positions in general are justified, the first 

 considering an insistence upon natural regeneration a "rapine in 

 the worst sense of the, word," the latter finding the excessive preju- 

 dice for natural regeneration when it is to be forced without 

 proper conditions being present, a principal fault of many a man- 

 agement. Hence change to artificial reproduction by planting with 

 3-year old transplants is the only solution of the problem. 



On the other hand the 25,000 acres of stands, 100 to 170 years 

 old, show still favorable conditions for natural regeneration. This 

 is to be practiced, with such variation as is indicated by these 

 trials, preventing especially weedgrowth by keeping fellings dark. 



Die Naturver jiingung der Tanne in den Staatswaldungen des Bayer- 

 ischen Waldes. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt. April, May, 1909, 

 pp. 187-198, 251-266. 



Just as the moleplow is revolutionizing farm 



Silvicultural culture, so seemingly is a similar "forest 



Implements. grubber" (W Mil grubber) finding more and 



more friends. The principle of these plows 



is not to lay the furrow over but to stir the soil without dislocating 



