436 Forestry Quarterly. 



employment now. The region offers a most varied picture of 

 farm, forest, vineyard and orchard. 



Pine (P. maritima) is almost exclusively planted on the larger 

 areas ; on smaller areas, Black Locust is found. Oak has proved 

 a failure. 



With railroads running through these highly inflammable 

 pineries, and with the habit of the former herders of burning over 

 pastures not entirely subdued, damage from fire is not unusual. 

 The measures of prevention are wide rides or fire lines, 10 to 15 

 yards wide, cut open every 1,000 yards, which in the State forests 

 is done systematically. These serve merely as lines of defense 

 from which to start counter-fires. They are kept free from ex- 

 cessive weed-growth and for one-third of their width absolutely 

 clean of inflammable matter, a sable blanc. Roads and rides are 

 kept free from brush along their sides. 



Distribution of suitable tools for fire fighting, forbidding all 

 smoking, and a telephone service are also measures practiced. 



The condition of these plantations is, to be sure, not by anv 

 means, extraordinarily good. Form, density and increment are 

 medium to poor. Ripe stands are 45 to 50 feet in height; num- 

 bers per acre, 150 to 200; cross section area, 200 to 220 square 

 feet; diameter of final harvest trees, 12 to 16 inches; volumes, 

 between 4,240 and 5,650 cubic feet; stands corresponding to 

 those of III and IV sites in the North German sandy plain. 



Towards the ocean the stands under the influence of seawinds 

 become even shorter, in spite of the excellent dune improvements. 



The management of these pineries is simple indeed. The orig- 

 inal crop was, of course, planted, but new crop is secured by 

 natural regeneration, the pine seeding every year. Volunteer 

 growth is usually removed. The result is not very complete or 

 regular or full stands. These could be improved by cutting out 

 the broom, which is impeding the young crop. The market for 

 vineyard stakes permits a thinning practice beginning with the 

 15th year and repeated every 10 years; the final harvest being 

 made at 70 years. 



The budget is determined by area. Five annual areas are sold 

 together, the tapping for resin being practiced for 5 years, the 

 final cut taking place in the fifth year. 



In the absence of other woods the pine is good enough for all 

 kinds of use, hop poles, vineyard stakes, mine props, even for 



