Periodical Literature. 437 



export, at 5 cents per cubic foot, telegraph poles impregnated, 

 also for paper pulp, wood pavement (in blocks at 16 cents per 

 cubic foot), railroad ties (at 55 cents apiece), poor building 

 material, boxboards, etc. 



The value increment, it appears from the prices stated, is con- 

 siderable between 40 and 70 years with an average price of 

 say 5 cents. The annual yield may be placed at $1.60 to 

 $2.00 per acre. But this low result is improved by the addi- 

 tion of the resin crop which may increase it by 85 cents. 



Contrary to the beliefs held in Germany the bleeding of trees 

 is supposed not only not to injure but to improve the quality of 

 the wood in regard to durability (Demontzey) and to quality in 

 general (Violette). 



In the stands designated for harvest gemmage a mort is prac- 

 ticed for five years before the cut. On opposite sides the bark 

 is removed from the root up for 3 feet and an incision is made, 

 4 inches wide and about half an inch deep, which is kept open by 

 weekly laceration (30 times a year). A zinc gutter and a glazed 

 pot facilitate the gathering of the resin, which is gathered every 

 3 to 5 weeks. Only once a year is the scrape gathered. One 

 tree with 3 to 5 incisions furnishes at one harvest about one quart 

 liquid resin. 



The remaining younger stands are also bled. The trees des- 

 tined to be removed in the thinnings are tapped so as to' exhaust 

 them (gemmage a epuisement) . The others are to be tapped 

 with greatest care and without decreasing the increment. A di- 

 ameter limit of 13 inches is set for this operation, hence the 

 smaller trees are exempt from bleeding. 



The yield per acre may run as follows : 



12345 year 

 160 130 130 100 95 gallons 



The total gross value of the harvest is around $90.00, half of 

 which goes to pay for the harvesting. 



In the last decade or so, the French forest department has done 

 considerable work on a large scale in the Pyrenees to correct the 

 evils of deforestation on soil and water courses. Here, too, when 

 private property is involved, the owners are forced to perform 

 the required work of safe-guarding, or else the State may ex- 



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