44 2 Forestry Quarterly. 



above timberline: Salix reticulata (Net-veined Willow). — 

 Found sparingly in the matted vegetation high above timberline. 

 Salix phlebophylla. — One small colony of several plants was 

 observed on a rocky flat near Glacier Mountain. Specimens 

 were preserved, and have been identified by Frederick V. Co- 

 ville. 



Alnus sinuata (Alder). — Much less common than in moun- 

 tains near Cook Inlet and other points on the Alaska coast. 

 It does not form extensive thickets on the open mountain sides 

 nor even in the draws above timberline, but is confined chiefly 

 to the borders of streams below timberline. 



Betula glandulosa (Dwarf Birch). — Excessively abundant; 

 by far the most common shrub on the upper slopes of the moun- 

 tains, chiefly above timberline, in many places growing in 

 thickets covering five to ten acres. According to situation and 

 possibly soil, these thickets may be of very low almost prostrate 

 shrubs not exceeding eight inches in height, or they may be 

 good-sized bushes two to four feet high. 



Betula alaskana (Paper Birch). — Along Mission Creek beau- 

 tiful groves of birch are frequently seen. In such places there 

 is little underbrush and the ground is covered luxuriantly with 

 grass (Agrostis). A few birches are scattered indiscriminately 

 throughout the spruce forest. Along Seward Creek a few 

 small trees occur not far below timberline. 



North American Fauna No. jo. Biological Survey, U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture, 1909. 



In the island of Java there are 1,665,000 

 Government acres of Government forest — principally 

 Forests teak-wood. They are primeval forests, 



of more or less damaged by dishonest fellings. 



Java, Three hundred and sixty thousand acres of 



them consist already of plantations. Nearly 

 all these forests are worked on working plans. In the greater 

 part — 1,545,000 acres — the management is not so thorough, as 

 forests are felled there by contractors. In the remaining part — 

 120,000 acres — management is effective, the timber bing cut by 

 the Forest Service. The area under effective management in- 

 creases yearly, and consequently the felling by contractors will de- 

 crease in future. In 1907 the teak forests yielded 175,000 tons of 



