45 2 Forestry Quarterly. 



and simple processes of attaining the results desired. In pulping 

 woods and in the extraction of by-products much could be done 

 by a well trained chemist with a thorough knowledge of wood 

 structure. Unfortunately the anatomy of woods has never been 

 studied with a practical application of knowledge gained in 

 view, and much of the purely scientific work has been superficially 

 or inaccurately done owing to the fact that only recently have 

 proper methods of technique been developed. The minute size 

 of woody elements and of the water conducting systems makes 

 the use of the highest powers of the microscope and delicate and 

 careful treatment of material essential. Bailey points out some 

 of the difficulties of identifying woody structures and in making 

 keys for the identification of wood by microscopical structure. 

 The Gymnosperms and their structure have received a great deal 

 of attention and have been the basis of much controversy. Yet 

 in this field which has been so largely thrashed over, much yet 

 remains undiscovered or improperly understood. 



A curious weeping spruce probably a va- 

 A riety of Picea canadensis has been found 



Weeping Variety about one hundred miles north of Winnipeg. 

 of It is a tree about 60 feet high with the 



Picea Canadensis, lower branches at least 20 feet from the 

 ground ; the strikingly pendulous branches 

 are six feet or more long, slender and but little branched them- 

 selves. It evidently bears the same relation to White Spruce that 

 the pendula variety of the commonly planted Norway Spruce does 

 to Picea excelsa. 



"A Weeping Spruce." Torreya. July, 1909. 



Quebracho, a contraction of the Spanish 

 Quebracho. quicbra-hacha or "ax breaker," is applied 



to many tough, hard trees in Latin America. 



In recent years the name has been re- 

 stricted to a peculiar tree found only in the drainage basin of the 

 Parana river. The genuine quebracho is found in Brazil, Para- 

 guay and the Argentine Republic. There are two varieties. Que- 

 bracho Colorado or Loxo pterygium lorentzii and Quebracho bianco 



