45^ • Forestry Quarterly. 



SOIL, WATER AND CLIMATE. 



In these days of reclamation of waste lands 

 Utilising the report of Dr. Kienitz, how the alder 



Swamps swamps in his district are changed into 



and meadows is of interest. For this purpose 



Bogs. there is needed, first, the lowering of the 



water table to 20 inches, sowing of grass 

 species carefully selected according to their adaptability and char- 

 acter, taking care to choose for upper and lower stand, partly per- 

 manent, partly rapid growers and nitrogen gatherers. Annual 

 fertilizing and harrowing is necessary. 



For regulating the water table, only a partial level survey is 

 needed to see whether altogether the water can be drained off. 

 Only a slight grade is required. The main ditch, located in the 

 direction of the greatest fall is usually made 1 yard deep, the 

 base half a yard, the top 1.5 yards wide. Side ditches are placed 

 at right angles to the main ditch, of varying depth, 20 inches at 

 top and 12 inches at base. 



After regulating the water-table the whole area is thoroughly 

 cleared of brush and roots, and, as far as possible, leveled, not, 

 however, removing other vegetation. When the moor has settled 

 so far as to bear horses the ground is harrowed and manured. 

 Mostly only potash, and sometimes magnesia, is deficient, which 

 is best supplied by cheap potash salts, about half a ton of kainit 

 to the acre. Sometimes an addition of phosphates, Thomas slag, 

 to the amount of a quarter ton, is indicated. 



The fertilizing must be repeated annually. 



Sowing of grass seed is not necessary, since grasses will come 

 in naturally, but it is advisable in order to secure the best result. 

 This is done with well selected material at the rate of 20 to 25 

 pounds per acre, after harrowing and rolling. 



V 'ersammlv.n n en Norddeutscher Forstvereine. Allgemeine Forst- u. 

 Jagdzeitung. September, 1909. P. 318. 



SILVICULTURE, PROTECTION AND EXTENSION. 



The one-sidedness of American foresters in 

 Silvicultural advocacy of natural regeneration, and that 



Sins. in selection form, — a silvicultural doctrine 



which, owing to Gayer's fervent and bril- 

 liant exposition, gave rise to an enthusiastic school of natural re- 



