11 



JOUENAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



July 2, 1871 



any winter protection. If, however, you wish to bloom a few plants in pots, 

 take them up iu autumn, pot tbem, ani place them in your large cool frame. 



DoFELE PvRETHRUMS {Old Subscriber). — Aurore, Deiicata, Duchesae de 

 Biabaut, Eojile Lemuine, Gloire de Nancj', HLTmann Steni^er, Haaye et 

 Schmidt, Icabricaturn plenum, Imperatriee Chailotte, Madame Bi>ucharlat, 

 Mods. Barral, Peaa RuU'jre, PrincesH Charlotte, Pro^jTesa, Hose Perfection, 

 Solfatere, Striata plena, and Vu-Hinal. 



Cateepfllars and Aphides on G-ooseberry Bushes [A. B.). — To free 

 them of caterpiHars mix with a gallon of rain water 1 oz. of white hellebure 

 powder, and keep close from the air. Ou a fine dry day shake well up, and 

 with an old whitewash biush ppviukle the liquid on the trees inteHted by ihe 

 caterpillars, repeating the application if necessary. Bear in mind that the 

 hellebore is a poison. For thn green aphis add sis gallons of water to one of 

 tobacco juice, and then 2 ozs. of soft soap to every gallon. Thoroughly 

 dissolve and strain bef^u-e use, applying to the bushes" with a syringe, the 

 ends of the shoots where practicable being dipped in the liquid. The aphides 

 must be wetted with the solution. See answer to another correspondent iu 

 last week's Journal, page 510. 



Deutzia gracilis after Flowering (Idem). — Set them on and partially 

 plunge in coal ashes in an open but sheltered situation out of doors, and keep 

 them well supplied with water. \Vhen the leaves have fallen remove the 

 plants to a cold pit or a sheltered spot, and plunge the pots to the rim in coal 

 ashes. In January take them to the potting bench, reduce ihe ball a little, 

 removing any loose toil, and picking out some with a pointed piece of wood, 

 and afier loosening the sides of the ball pot in a size that will admit of some 

 fresh soil all round. Afford good dx-ainage. Sandy loam, with a little leaf soil 

 is suitable. Place in a light airy position in the greenhouse, and keep moist, 

 but watering carefully until the plants are in free growth, then supply 

 moisture more freely. 



Black Hambchgh Grapes Rusted (R. W.). — The probable cause of this 

 is painting the hot- water pipes with flowers of sulphur, or the Grapes when 

 in an early stage of their development were exposed to cutting winds. It 

 cannot be called a disease, nor is it infectious. 



Orange-tree Grafting {Mrs. Henderson). — It is best done in spring 

 when the stocks are comroenciug to grow. Place them in bottom heat to 

 insure growth previous to the scions starting. Whip- grafting is the beat 

 mode fur email plants, and for large stocks cleft or crown-grafting. They 

 succeed best tept la'her close and moist. A little grafting-wax is better than 

 clay ; secure with cotton, and cover with a little fine moss so as to keep the 

 graft moist and encourage the flow of the sap. 



Glass Coping over Peach Trees {Idem). — It should not be removed- 

 . It is necesEary to the ripening of the fruit and wood in summer and autumui 

 quite as much so as in spring for protecting the blossom and young tender 

 growths. The trees would be better of thorough syriugings in the evening, 

 especially in dry weather and hot days, until the Iruit change colour, Tnth 

 copious wateriu^s at the roots in di-y weather until the fruit swells for ripen- 

 ing. For the njildew dust with flowers of sulphur from a muslin bag, or the 

 foot of a wors'ed stocking, and apply to the border a top-dressing of short 

 manure after a thorough watfring at the roots. 



Fruit Trees Stopping (Mrs. C). — Stop or shorten the shoots now — those 

 *required to form spurs to three leaves, if the shoots are not strong and the 

 leaves distant, but more closely if vigorous, not leaving the shoots longer than 

 an inch or two. These remarks apply to the shoots on the main branches, 

 the leaders of which i-hould be stopped at from 6 to 9 inches of growth, and 

 at the third leaf afterwords. Your trtes being young, you will require to 

 leave ehoots at about 1 foot apart every way, and treat them as main- branch 

 leaders. The above observations apply to bushes and pyramids ; if they ate 

 wall trees do not stop the hhoot at the extremity of the branch, but lay it 

 in at full length, and stop the other shoots at the third leaf. The leading or 

 central shoot of the tree should I'e stoi:(ped when it hag grown a foot, if it i^ 

 vigorous ; if weak, do not stop it, but shorten it in autumn to 12 iuches. If 

 the trees are fan-trained you will need at every Q feet to originate a branch 

 or shoot, and not stop it but lay it in at its full length, and so that at 3 feet it 

 will for Plums be 9 inches from the branch below it. For Peais the distance 

 between the branches shtuld be a foot. The side shoots ought to be pinched 

 to one leaf after the first stopping. 



Cutting Peach-tree Leaves {E. J. Trehcrnc). — It is not baneQcial to 

 Peach trees in a forcing houte to cut their leaves in two whilst fruiting. 

 "When the fruit is covered by the leaves it is desirable to admit light and air, 

 in order to enable them to colour well and ripen perfectly, which they do not 

 always when shaded by leaves. Shorten any leaves which overhang and 

 crowd the fruit, but beyond this we do not recommend cutting or removiug 

 any of the leaves. The leaves are necessary to the thorough ripening of the 

 bnds, but if the shoots and leaved are much crowded it is better to thin-out 

 the shoots so as to admit light and air, rather than seek to do so by the 

 removal of the leaves. 



Eecently planted Vines not Gp.owing (G. S.). — The Vines have pro- 

 bably received a cbeck from too much or too little water at the roots, or not 

 applying it of the same temperature as the house. Wc should afford shght 

 shade from bright sun, aud maintain a moist atmosphere, watering only 

 moderately until the Vines are growing freely, the soil, however, being kept 

 moibt. and when the growh is free water copiously. The laterals on the four 

 side shoots we ehonld stop at the first leif, and remove all the laterals but 

 the uppermost joint and the two lowest leaves, keeping those left closely 

 stopped to one joint as growih is made. The laterals on the main cane wo 

 phouldnot stop until six leaves wore made for the first yard of growth, tofour 

 for the second, two for the third, and alterwards stop the laterals at the first 

 leaf, and after the first stopping keep to one leaf of each succeeding growth 

 Ihrouphout the season. The Vines jou have iu pots we should plant out at 

 once if the border is ready, and in planting spread-out the roots a little, but 

 do not dinturb the boll much, watering moderately, and shading for a few days 

 until the Vines are re-established. The laterals may be stopped as described 

 for the leaders of those planted out, and if kept in pots stop the laterals at 

 the first joint, and stop the canes at 9 feet. They should be cut-back, after 

 the leaves fall, to such a length as will allow of the cane reaching the trelUa 

 when planted-out in spring. 



Moth {Mrs. Car. y).— The moth is Sphinx Ligustri, the Privet Hawk Moth. 

 Your letter has been sent to Mr. Johnson. 



Fungus {J. W. P.). — The fungus on Mint is not the same with that on 

 Hollyhocks, the spores are very different. It is Puccinia Menlhrn. — M. J. B. 



Eoses with Insects (Misa Dennis) — They are covered with aphides. 

 The cause is the late cold cast wind.'*, which cheek the growth of the plants, 

 cQxl the leaves, and allow the insects to get ahead. Wash your trees morn- 



ing and evening with a strong jet of water from a garden engine or stout 

 syringe. Or wash them with Gishurst compound, 2 ozs. di>t>olvcil in a gallon 

 of water. Dissolve it an'l Itt it stand twelve hours before using it, and pour 

 the clear liquid from the sediment. 



Insects Attacking Ciseraria Leaves ( ). — The leaf sent shows 



the mines or chaunela formed within the substances of the le*f by minute 

 larvt-e, which leave the upper aud uudar surfaces ei tire. We believe they are 

 cauded by the larvna of a very minute two-winged fly (Phytomyza sp. ?), rather 

 than by the caterpillars of a little moth, many of which have similar habits. 

 Pick off and burn the attacked leaves. — I, O. W. 



Names of Plants iMrs. Henderson). — We regret to say we oannot under- 

 take to name Eoses or other lloriets' flowers. Your other queries are in 

 another place, ili. Maries}. — Adiautum reniforme. {Anna Liffcy). — It is 

 like Beauty of Calderdale, nut it is very difficult to name florists' flowers. 

 {S. B.). — The Primula is verticiUata vai'. siueusia, a native of Abyssinia. 

 The bloom of Viola is a case of fasciation, or union of two. {Subscriber}. — 

 2, Asclepias curassavica. The Orchid was too shrivelled for determination. 

 {H. G.}. — Cepbalaatbera grauiiflora, (A. H. K). — 1, Thalictrum elatum ; 

 2, Papaver pilosan*; 3, Linaria purpurea. {F. D. H.). — Astragalus g'ycy- 

 phyllos. {\V. Ethcrington). — I, Ouychiam lucidum; li, Nephroiepis cordi- 

 folia. (H. Snialc). — 1, Hypoohieiis radicata; 2, Sautolina sp. [J. G.). — 

 Gloxinia tubiflora, Hook. j. {A. R.). — Sisyriuchium striatum, Sm.. {B. 3".). — 

 1, Selagiuella unciuata; 2, 8. sp. ; 3, S. Martensii ; 4. S. Kraussiana (?); 

 5, Pteris serrulata cristata; 6, Lastrea (too young), (fi. D. D.). — I, Saxi- 

 fraga sarmeutosa; 2, Lysimachia vulgaris; 3, Xonaoetom vulgare; 4, Hy- 

 pericum calycinum. 



POULTEY, BEE, AlID PIGEON OHROmOLE. 



HANTS AND BERKS SHOW AT READING. 



It is always a trial to go from larger to smaller ; the smaller 

 should always by rights go before the larger, just as luncheon 

 precedes diuner. Still, it is a badly- balanced mind that cannot 

 enjoy smaller things as well as larger, I once sat by the side of 

 a lady, a very young lady, at a concert in a couuty Town Hall, 

 and on asking her if she enjoyed it she replied, " Oh ! I was at 

 a London concert last week. You should have beard Madam© 

 So-and-so sing." Now, the dear young girl positively did not 

 enjoy her county concert because of having been at the one in 

 London; though, perhaps, there was also a little vanity mixed 

 with the affair. This, however, was wrong. Wby not enjoy 

 both? I have seen York Miuster, but why should I not enjoy 

 looking at Wells Cathedral ? If you have seen the Lake of 

 Geneva, good reader, don't go and turn up your nose at Lake 

 Windermere ; if you do, you are a bit of a goose, although I 

 don't like elaudering that sensible bird by comparing you to 

 her. Fortifying myself with these reasonings I reach Reading, 

 and mean to enjoy that Show, and not continually be turniug up 

 my nose because it is not so large as the Bath and West of 

 England seen by me just a fortnight ago at Clifton. I remem- 

 ber the Hants aud Berks at Reading eight years ago. I saw it 

 then, aud never before nor since, and well — it was not a large 

 Show, certainly. 



Ou reaching the station I lunch at the new refreshment-rooms, 

 miudful of short commons perhaps, or bad fare, at the Show. 

 I ask the waiter, just in an innocent way, what the church 

 bells are ringing for. " Oh ! sir, it's the Agricultural Show." 

 " Many people in Reading ?" " Never, sir, saw Reading so full. 

 The Queen has sent a lot of stock, and so has the Prince." AU 

 this sounded promising; and it was evidently gala time — flags, 

 streamers, bells, shops at their best, aud all gaiety, and, best of 

 all, crowds of people. On my way to the Show-yard I saw un- 

 mistakeable proofs of a large Show aud not a small one. The 

 great gathering outside, the nigger minstrels, the blind man 

 reading, the large confectionary tents — in short, a sort of fair 

 outside. Then the large number of carriages waiting, and the 

 crowds pushing forward. The rumour that the Prince of Wales 

 was to be present of course increased the multitude, especially 

 of the many who gazed at the arrivals, but lacked the halfcrown 

 for entrance. 



I enter, and what a difference to the Show eight years ago ! 

 Hants aud Berks is now just a rather smaller Bath and West 

 of England, machinery in motion, implements, horse ring, and 

 streets of bazaars included. No Fine Arts department, no hor- 

 ticultural tent, it is true, but a Dog show, which Bath and West 

 of England lack^; and Sutton's seed pavilion in all its glory as 

 at Clifton, and a whale to be seen for twopence ! — rather a low 

 affair this, surely! I mistake one of the dog tents for the 

 poultry, not expecting two for dogs; but on entering I find I 

 am wrong, for poultry do not bark or repose on velvet cushions. 



At length I find the right tent, fair in size, yea sufficient, but 

 shockingly hot and lacking ventilation. I find the numbers of 

 the two Shows are as follows : — 



BATH AND WEST OF ENGLAND. HANTS AND BERKS. 



Poultry 431 Poultry 2C7 



Pigeons 98 Pigeons 60 



Uabbits 23 



Estra Stocli 4 



529 294 



The Reading Show i3 now, as to pens, more than half the 



