20 



JOUBNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



( July 2, 1874. 



THBnsH— 1. E. H. George. 2. T. Cox, Slamforl. 



Dlackbibd— 1, J. Griffln, Slamturd. 2, O. Toon. Stamford. 



AN! FiKCV Vjrietv.— 1 and 2, £. H. George (Slagpie and Jackdaw). 

 EABEITS. 



LopEiBED,— Bucfc or Doe.— I, S. S. Ward, I'etorborough. 2, Eov.'S. Walters, 

 Stamford. 6 . - 



Himalayan.— Bitcfc or Doe.— I, S. Ward. 2, H. Mason. 



Silvek-Ghei.— iJiicA: or Doe.—i, R. Buffham, SpaKUng. 2, A. J. Kobert3, 

 Hereford. 



Angora.— ZJwrfc or Doe.—l and 2, M. Kew. 



Any OTHER DmriNcT V&rikty.— Back or Doe.— ^. R. BufTham. 2, M. Kew. 



Heaviest (Any breed).— Buffc or Doe.—l, R. Buffham. 2, Rev. S. Walters. 



Judge. — Mr. John Douglas, The Aviaries, Clamb.>r, Worksop. 



BOSTON rOULTKY SHOW. 



- This was held on June 30th and July Isfc. We must confine 

 ourselves to giving the list of awards, deferring remarks on the 

 classes till next week. 



DoifKiso.— Cocfc-l, W. Morlitt. 2. C. Wright, jun. Hen.— 1, W. Morfltt. 2- 

 No coiopetition. 



Cochin (Bufl)—Cofi.— 1,W. H. Crabtree. 2, No competition. Ben.-l.W. 

 H. Crabtree. 2, R. L. Storey. 



Cochin (Any other variety).— Cocfe— Plate and 1, W. H. Crabtree. 2, W. 

 Whilworth, Jan. /ic. H. Beldon. iffii.— 1, W. Whitworth.jan. 2, T. M. Derry. 

 he, C. WUaou ; W. H. Crabtree ; H Beldon. 



Brahma (Light).— Cocfc.—l, P. Haines. 2, M. Lcno. Hen — 1, W. H. Crabtree. 

 2, P. H.iints. 



BBAniiA(Uark).—Coc«:— I.J. F. Smith. 2, C. M. Waite. kc, W. H. Crabtree. 

 Ht'n.-l and --e, W H. Crabtree. /ir, J, F. Smith. 



SPANisH(Blacli).—Coi-*:.-l,H. Beldon. 2, R. Newbitt. Hen.— 1, K. Newbitt. 



2, U. Bekion. 



Hamburgh (Golden-spangled or Pencilled),— (7ocfc.— I and 2, H. Beldon. he, 



3. Ward; G. Hanson. Hen.— 1,J. Smith. 2, J. Ward, lie,— Pilkington ; H. 

 Beldon {i) ; — Hanson. 



Hamburgh (silver-spangled or Pencilled).— Coclt —Plate, 1, and 2, H. Beldon. 

 Hen.— 1 and 2, H. Beldon. 



Game (Blacli or Brown-breasted Reds), -Cock— Plate and 1, H. E. Martin. 

 2, W. Ball.jun. Hen —1. U. E. Martin. 2, No competition. 



Game (Any other variety) —CocA:.—!, H.E.Martin. 2, — Staveley. Hen.— 1, 



— Staveley. 2. W. Ball, juu. 



Bantams (Game, Blacl! or Brown-breasted Reds)-- CocJr. -1, W. F. Entwi-ile. 

 2. J. R. Fletcher, he, W. K. Entwisle ; f. steel ; W. F. Addie. c, — Andertun. 

 Hen.— 1. 2. and e, W. F. Entwisle. he, W. Gariit : W. F. Addie. 



BANTAMS(.4nyothervariety)—COTt.— Plate and I, J. R. FIftcher. 2, M. Leno. 

 he, R. H. Ashton ; C. Reed. Hen.- 1, W. F. Entwisle. 2, J. K. Fletcher, he, 

 M. Leno. 



French Fowls (Any variety) —Coc*:.-l, R. H. Ashton (French Cochin). 2, 

 R. A. Boissior (Houdanl. )ic. W. H. Crabtree (Crfve-Cteurl ; R. Coney (Houdan). 

 Hen.— 1, K. A. Boissier (Uoudan). 2, W. Cutlack, jua. (Creve-Oosur). he, W. 

 Cntlack, jun. (Crfve-Cujurl; W. U Crabtree (Cn-ve-Cceur) ; R. H. Ashton. 



Any other Distinct VARIETV.—C'oefc.— Plate, 1, and 2. H. Beldon. he, T. A. 

 Wright ( Black Hamburgh). Hen.— 1 and 2, H. Beldon. Ac, T. A. Wright ( Black 

 Hamburgh). 



Local Class (Any variety).— 1, J. W. Riggall. 2, Miss Saddlngton (Golden- 

 pencilled Uamhurgh). 



SELLING Class.-I, Mts. M. A. Mason (Silver Poland). 2, J. T. Parker (Black 

 Spanish). 



-Ducks (Aylesbury).— 1 and 2, W. Ball. jun. 



Docks ( Kouen).— 1, W Dudding. 2, Mrs. M. A. Mason. 



Ducks (Any other variety).- 1. M. Leno. 2, J. R. Storr. 



Geese.— 1, T. M. Derry. 2, — Johnson. 



InBKEYS.— 1, M. Kew. 2, No competition. 



PIGEON NOMENCLATURE. 



I HAD almost forgotten the fact that I owed Mr. Lyell several 

 answers relating to the above subject until looking through 

 some back numbers lately. The questions, however, are in some 

 cases unnecessary, as Mr. Lyell may find on referring to my last 

 communication. 



A bine Pigeon of a very light shade with black bare, if possessed 

 of the slate shade on the head, flights, tail, &c., and a black tail 

 bar isa' grey" or " washed-out Blue," and a very ugly-coloured 

 bird to boot. If, however, it have a drab shade over the above 

 parts, aud a dun-tail bar, it is a " black-barred Silver." I have 

 seen many of these birds which sometimes possess the tail of an 

 ordinary blue Pigeon, and are then simply a combination of 

 both. That these black-barred Silvers are different all over 

 Irom the dun-barred Silvers I readily admit, but if the mealy 

 and buff birds were bred aud crossed more, the same varieties 

 wotild occur with them. Mr. Lyell no doubt caUs a blue Pigeon, 

 with a tendency to dun or brown in its bars, a " kite-barred 

 iilue, aud a properly black-barred Blue simply " blue." If he 

 will therefore be consistent he will call the two varieties of 

 bilver black-barred Silver " aud " Silver." Mr. Lyell can 

 answer his next question for himself if he will take the trouble 

 to inspect some Dun Carriers, that are clean and have their 

 liberty, in the sunlight. He will soon find that the boasted 

 whole colours are, if minutely examined, a myth, as the bar, 

 though of course almost absent, is present, and that while some 

 birds shoulders are of a beautiful soft even tint throughout, 

 others are chequered. Such birds, however, I willingly pass as 



J->uns, and dub these "Dun Silvers," which are of a some- 

 what lighter and dull shade, and have dun bars darker than 

 their shoulders. 



And now I wish to address Mr. Lyell on the subject of the 

 -Uragoon. The native and natural Persian and Turkish Carriers 

 are described by.ildrovaudus and Bechsteiu as " russet brown " 

 (tluu) and 'black" respectively, " longish-faced and wattled." 

 inese birds having been brought to this country were in some 

 instances bred for curtain fancy points, and have gradually pro- 

 auced the Carrier of to-day. In others they were devoted to 

 tneir proper caUing, and when crossed with the blue Tumbler 



and native Rock Pigeons, produced the three-quarter-bred Carrier 

 called Horseman or Heavy Dragoon, the half-bred Carrier called 

 Light Dragoon or Dragoon, and the quarter-bred Carrier called 

 Skinnum. These three sub-varieties have gradually degenerated 

 into a handsome Toy of various types, and the difference of 

 opinion amongst the breeders of the fashionable Draguon of 

 to-day owes its origin to the variety of sources from which their 

 pets have sprung. How any educated man can call the Dragoon 

 "Dragon," simply because the Spitalfields weavers so denomi- 

 nated it, I am at a loss to understand. The slightest reflection 

 will show Mr. Lyell that the name " Carrier," and the name of 

 all the varieties descended from it, with the exception of the 

 Skinnum or Skinner, which was bred by the weavers from the 

 Dragoon, which in their hands was called " Dragon," imply tha 

 use of a horse, as witness Carrier, Horseman, Dragoon, Pouting 

 Horseman, Bitter Taube, and Pigeon Cavalier. Whether the word 

 Skiunum be a cnrruption of " Sltinuer " I do not know, and I 

 shall be very pleased if anyone will enlighten me on the subject. 

 Dr. Chapuis described le Pigeon Camus divided into two 

 classes — les Caraus grands and les petits Camus. These Pigeons, 

 which are evidently the Heavy and Light Dragoon, were, ha 

 says, BO called on account of the flatness of their wattle. The 

 word "Camtilet" would signify the last-named, and I feel 

 certain that the name " Camiilet," now applied to the white- 

 eyed red-necked white Pigeon, whose home he designates as at 

 Liege, is simply a corruption of "Camtilet," and is altogether 

 misapplied. Dr. Chapuis describes the Pigeon of Antwerp aa 

 Mr. Brent does, and states that the variety found at Liege, which 

 I have described above, is called " the Swallow Pigeon " on 

 account of its great powers of flight. 



Le Pigeon Cravate Franr'ais (the Owl), le Pigeon Camus, and 

 le Pigeon d'Anvers and de Liege produced the Smerle ; and the 

 fact that the Smerle is now giving place to birds which are in 

 some instances nearly throughout Light Dragoons, speaks 

 volumes for the powers of the old varieties of Horseman and 

 Dragoon, which are in danger of being "improved off the face 

 of the earth," through the indomitable desire of English 

 fanciers to breed the really useful races of Pigeons as Toys. 

 About ten or twelve years ago the Dragoons of both classes 

 were very plentiful in this district (Cheshire and South Lanca- 

 shire), and twenty, forty, and fifty miles (all their humble 

 patrons required of them), or in some cases one hundred or even 

 180 miles were passed over by them. As to good looks they 

 were quite as handsome as the Dragoons now shown. Now they 

 are " few and far between, and the Belgians, varying from the 

 Smerle and Antwerp to the nearly pure Dragoon, are all the 

 rage. If, however, the Carrier were crossed with well-tested 

 Skinnum-faced Belgian birds, and the produce (a tremendous 

 proportion of which would of course be lost) trained, and after a 

 few years again crossed with the Carrier; or if the heavy 

 Belgians were crossed with the Carrier, and their produce 

 treated in the same way as regards training, the Horseman and 

 Dragoon might be reproduced without having recourse to the 

 present pretty race of Toys. The fact that the Mealy-chequered 

 Antwerps are called "red-chequered" in the new book does not 

 prove it correct, any more than the fact of the birds being called 

 " Antwerps " makes them so. They are derived from the 

 Smerle and Barb, and I have seen some which, with a little 

 more eye wattle, if the latter were red and the eyes pearl, would 

 be splendid blue Barbs. — Turkey Quill. 



Wood Pigeon and Dovecote Pigeon P.aired. — My object in 

 writing about this was to throw light on the meaning of the 

 word "scar," and certainly not to impute untruthfulness or 

 ignorance to " T. G. ;" and when I wrote I had "Wiltshire 

 Rector's " letter only before me, as I had mislaid the number 

 of the Journal containing the first communication on the sub- 

 ject, and, with " Wiltshire Rector," I was anxious to see the 

 matter cleared up. I may add that " T. Cf." does not quote my 

 concluding sentence correctly. — Almond Tumbler. 



EE-SWALLOWING HONEY. 



Whether the nectar of flowers is chemically changed in the 

 honey-bag or other laboratory of the bee previous to being de- 

 posited in cells, is a question on which different views have been 

 and still are held. Hunter, Bonner, Polhill, Langstroth, aud 

 others expressed a belief tliat it underwent no change; but 

 Kirby and Spence, Ecaumur, etc., maintained that it did. 



At the Entomological Society's meeting in February, 1873, a 

 notice was communicated by Mr. F. Smith of recent researches 

 made by Drs. Von Schneider and Von Siebold " on artificial 

 honey obtained by feeding bees exclusively with malt. The 

 question has been raised whether the substance thus obtained 

 was real honey, and whether, consequently, the bee was able to 

 change malt sugar into honey in its stomach." Dr. Von 

 Schneider " arrived at the cpuclusion that the carbo-hydrates, 

 sucrose and dextrose, contained in the malt are actually changed 

 by the bee into honey sugar, and that malt honey difffrs only 

 from ordinary honey in wanting the specific aroma given to the 



