104 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



( July 80, 1874. 



naila where rcqaired. The wall plate may be 6 inches wide, and should be 

 notched, so as to receive the rafter?, which may be 4 inches bv Ik inch, and 

 fised narrow side upward, they beins ploughed half an inch wide and deep 

 BO as to receive the glass. The rafters mast be cat off slanting, so as to rest 

 on the front plate, the rebate exactly corresponding with the front top edge 

 of the front plate, and exactly over the posts, they being securely naiJed to 

 the plate. Toa will thus have a house with rafters 4 feet apart ; between 

 them fill-in with rafters or bars 2^ inches by 1^ inch, and 1 foot apart. You 

 will need a bevel-piece at bottom to form the rest for the glass (it need not 

 exceed an inch wide), and a nose-piece grooved on the under side to run off 

 the water; this 0Ui,-ht to project an inch, and the glass should cover the 

 joint, it being "planted" on the front of the front plate. At the back vou 

 will need a strip of wood half an inch wide, and nailed on level with the 

 rebates in the rafters and bars. The roof will then be ready for the glass, but 

 we have not provided for ventilation. We will there put in a piece of wood 

 lengthwise of the house Ih inch thick and the depth of the rafters, and be- 

 tween every alternate rafter, the bars being let into it. These to be 18 inches 

 down the rafters from the top, and for these openings you will need 2-inoh 

 lights, and so as to re^t on the rafters, extend to the cross piece, and be 

 hinged to the plate againc^t the wall. These hghts may be raised by a tiat 

 piece of iron fixed at the bottom in the middle, and an iron peg in the cross 

 piece to fit into the holes. The ventilators, with the board in front, will give 

 plenty of air. The front part will need to have bars corresponding with the 

 roof, and the posts to have strips of wood nailed on to receive the gla-s. The 

 part below the glass in front to be covered withthree-qnarter-iuch boards, the 

 npper one hmged, as before stated, so as to let down the whole length of the 

 house. It may be glazed thronghout with 15-oz., better 21-oz., thirds sheet glass. 

 The ends will need to be formed so as to correspond with the front, and door- 

 ways provided. The advantages of a house of this kind over the one you 

 name are great. You will be able to have trees on the back wall, and if you 

 have it in two divisions you could have in one two Apricots against the wall, 

 and in front a row of trees in pots of Plums or Pears, or both, with Cherries 

 if you wish. In the other you could have two Peaches and a Nectarine 

 against the wall, with Peaches in pots in front, or Vines trained lengthwise 

 of the house, and so that the shoots do not extend further than to leave 4 feet 

 clear of the upper part of the glass. The Vines might be trained to wires 

 16 inches fiom the glass, or grown in pots. Along the front you could have 

 a shelf for Strawberries in pots, and the house would be useful for many pur- 

 poses. A lath pathway along the hack, resting on brick, would serve you. 

 A house of this sort would cost very little more than the coping with sUding 

 saehes you describe, but would afford far greater advantages. Ko shading 

 would be required. By applying to some horticultural builder and describing 

 what yon require, you would probably obtain at a cheap rate the house ready 

 for fixing. 



Deodokising Night Soil (X. r. ^.).— The best material is drv earth, a 

 ehoveUulof the earth being used every time, and the whole could then be 

 emptied without offence to labourers, and mixed with four times its bulk of 

 dry earth. Kept under cover it is a very valuable manure, and may be ap- 

 plied to ground for vegetable crops in about one-fourth the qaaniify of farm- 

 yard or Btable minure. Treated in this way and dug-in, it is not offensive. 



Beet fob Spring Gardening (Idem).— The seed should not be sown until 

 late in May or early in June, and the plants thinned to 9 inches apart. In 

 October, or as soon as the gronnd is cleared, they should he moved with all 

 the soil that will adhere, and planted so as to cover the root, giving a good 

 watering if the weather be dry, 



AciirLLEA Mn-LEFOLiTM ON Lawn fW. W. B.).— The Yarrow is a fast- 

 spreading plant, which endures drought well, and gives a patchy appearance 

 to a lawn. Dry weather does not hnng the i)lant, but makes it appear more 

 ■conspicuously from the bad effects of the drought upon the grasses. The 

 Achillea should be removed, for, instead of dying, when wet comes it will 

 grow more freely, overpowering the grass, which should be encouraged. 



Vines Infested with Thrips (T, P.).— The leaves are much infested 

 with thripa, and from their eggs will issue another generation. Choose a 

 calm evenmg when the foliage of the Vines is dry, the floor wet, and the 

 sashes shut-up closely, then thoroughly fill the house with tobacco smoke. 

 Keep the house close the following day if possible, dull weather being best, 

 and frequently sprinkle the paths, &c. The next night but one after fumiga- 

 tion fill the house again with smoke, keeping as close the following day aa is 

 consistent witli the safety of the Vines, and in the evening svringe thoroughly, 

 and daijy every evening until the Grapes change colour. If they are colour- 

 ing the syringing must not be practised, but the floor and every available 

 surface should be wetted morning and evening. The fumigation ou-ht to be 

 repeated m a week after the first application, and afterwards a good look-out 

 should be kept for the re-appearance of the pests, and when any are seen 

 samigate. 



ArBRIETIAOR.ECA,G0LDES-FEATHER PTEETHEUM SoWING, &C.(C. C. M.). 



The Anbrietia should be sown in May or now, the seedlings being kept over 

 Uxe year, the latter being the best plants. Golden-Feather Pyrethnim should 

 te sown in April, and the Forget-me-not in June. They should be pricked-off 

 when large enough, and be moved in October to the beds when these are 

 cleared. The Pansies should be planted in autumn. Double Daisies should 

 be divided as soon as the flowering is over, planting the divisions in good, 

 rich, hght soil in a shady border, and keeping moist. They should be planted 

 m autumn along with ail other spring-flowering plants as soon as the beds 

 are cleared of the summer plants. 



Watering (E. H. iJ.).— The best time to water during hot weather is in 

 the evening, from 5 to 9 p.m., or later. It is not advisable to water when the 

 sun is powerful, especially when the foUage of the plants must be wetted. 

 ■When this is the case the watering is best done early in the morning or 

 evening, preferably the latter. Watering plants of large size at the roots may 

 be done at any hour of the day. 



Watering Stephanotis wpth Liquid Manure (IT. C. D.).— If the border 

 ia full of roots, and the plants growing freely, weak liquid manure may be 

 applied at every alternate watering during growth and flowering, care being 

 taken not to have the manure water strong, or it may injuiethe roots. Liquid 

 mantire collected in a tank from stables and a pig^rery is of too uncertain 

 strength to be applied to plants without considerable dilution with water, 

 judgment alone determining its strength. 



Sowing Aqttelegia GLANDtTLosA (E. H. IT.).— Seed of this sown now will 

 not produce plants for flowering next spring. It is rather slow-growing, and 

 is best cultivated in pots, cr at the foot of rockwork, in a compost of equal 

 parts loam, sandy peat, and leaf soil, with a sixth of sand, and good drainage. 

 The seeds should be sown in April or May, and placed in a cold frame or 

 house, shaded nnti the young plants appear, then give air and light freely. 



and pot singly when the rough or eecond leaves are showing, affording slight 

 shade uutil established. They should have a position somewhat shaded in 

 summer, and sunny or open in winter, with free ventilation, shifting into 

 larger pots as the pots become full of roots, always keeping moii*t, bat avoid 

 making the soil sodden. The plants will not endure *' pushing." 



Fuchsia and Gebanicm Leaves Browned {Amateur).^T\ier& were no 

 insects on the leaves sent us, but evidence of red spider having been upon the 

 Fuchsias. This enemy is best overcome by syringing with a ;^oh;ti' -n of 2 ozs. 

 of soft soap to the gallon of water, the plants being laid on their side and the 

 solution forced against the under sides of the leaves; afterwards keep well 

 syringed. The Geranium leaves are scorched from having been watered over- 

 head or syringed when the sun was shining powerfully upon them, combined 

 with inefticient ventilation. They will recover outdoors, but will no doubt 

 lose all or most of the old leaves. 



ANStTALs FOR SPRING Bedding (R. W.). — The best pink is probably Sapo- 

 naria ealaorica. The seed may be sown in the first week in Au^-ust, or not later 

 than the second week, and the seedlings prieked-out, when large enough to 

 handle, about S inches apart in light lich soil. The white variety, S. calabrica 

 alba, is equally good. A deep rose or red is Silene pendula, which should be 

 sown at the end of July or early in August, and should be pricked-out like 

 the Saponaria. bileue pendula alba, white, makes a fine mass. Myosotis 

 sylvatica is the best blue ; the seed should have been sown in June. Nemo- 

 phila inbignis grandiflora will meet you for blue, the seed being sown the 

 Ja'it week of August, pricking out, and having the planting bed well raised to 

 prevent wetness of soil, or the plants may die off. Coliinsia vema grandiflora 

 sown the second week of August isa good pretty blue. Limnanthes Douglasii, 

 straw colour, may be sown in the first week of September. Lasthenia cali- 

 fornica. yellow, sow the third or fourth week in August. All the plants 

 mentioned are best pricked-out in good, rich, light soil, and should be shaded 

 and duly watered until established. They should be planted in the beds as 

 soon as these are cleared of their summer occiipants, and be put in rather 

 thickly, say 4 to ti inches apart, and some plants ought to be kept in reserve, 

 to fili-in with if necessary in spring. The plants should be moved carefully, 

 and with little balls of sod. Could you not employ some red-leaved Beet and 

 Golden-Feather Pyrethrum ? 



Buckland Sweetwater Grape {A Young Beginner). — This is a round 

 white Grape. 



Caiiellias (J. fl". Mason\. — By the account you give of the Camellias they 

 appear to be doing very well indeed. Perhaps they may be a little too forward 

 in bud, but not much ; that is of little consequence so long as they have im- 

 proved so much. 



Pansies Mildewed [J. Kidston.).—1\ie mildew is attributable to the long- 

 continued dry weather, and the plants will no doubt recover themselves when 

 it has ceased. 



Thtups OS Vine Leaves [A Suhscriher). — ^Tour Vines are covered with 

 thrips. Sep answer to " T. P." in the nest column. 



Names of Plants ( Mrs. W.). — Send us a single bloom in a small box witli 

 damp moss, and with the aid of the drawing we shall be able to make it out. 

 {Jiio. BryanK — Spinsa ariffifolia. {S. G.). — Combretum purpureum. (J. C). 

 1, Begonia Pearcei (Bot. Mag., t. 5545); 2, Begonia, perhaps insignis; but 

 you seud no femiile flowers, upon the structure of which the groups largely 

 depend. (Marg Pole). — Polypodium pustulatumorBillardieri; native of New 

 Zealand. 



POULTRY, BEE, AM PIGEON OHSOmOLE. 



GRANTHAM POULTRY AND PIGEON SHOW. 



Poultry formed a division of the Lincolnshire Agricnltiirat 

 Society's Grantham meeting, held on the 22ad, 23rd, and 2ith 

 inst.j which though not a very extensive show, outnumbered 

 its predecessors. The arrangements were very carefully carried 

 out, and the whole proved a well-merited success. 



Dorkings were one of the best-supported classes in the Show, 

 a really well-shown pen of the fashionable dark colour being 

 first, and the other three prize pens (for there were four prizes 

 for this class) ran each other very closely for their respective 

 places. Gavtc (to which also four premiums were allotted by the 

 prize schedule) were not by any means a first-rate entry, each 

 entry of Brown or other Reds taking a prize ; and in the next 

 class, for Piles or any other light-coloured Game fowls, though 

 first and second prizes were given, there actually was not any 

 entry at all for the third premium. Cochins were a well-filled 

 class, all colours being in competition, the now-so-well-kaown 

 Partridge Cochin cockof Mr.Crabtree, mated to a srood-feathered 

 hen, being first; Mr. Woodgate's equally-noted Whites second ; 

 whilst the third was taken by a good pen of Bufis sent by Mr. 

 Winwood, of Worcester. There was also a really capital hen 

 shown by Mr. Lievesley, of Lincoln, in pen 20, but her male 

 companion was much her inferior. The iJra^im «s were shown 

 together, both Light and Dark ones, Mr. Crabtree and Mr. Ken- 

 drick taking first and second with Dark ones ; but the hen in 

 Mr. Crabtree's other Light-feathered pen was so sadly ruptured, 

 the third prize was withheld. -411 the Spanish fowls were in 

 bad show-trim, and the prizes only were awarded. Such was 

 the want of merit in the Silver Hamburghs that a third prize 

 only was reluctantly given, both the others being withheld. 

 Both Houdans and Creve-Cceurs were better than might have 

 been expected : in point of fact, far better than are seen at the 

 majority of poultry shows. Mr. Boothby, of Louth, well deserved 

 his first prize in the Poland class with an excellent pen of 

 Golden-spangled ; but all the other pens proved empty. Game 

 Bantams were good, though many were on the moult, and not 

 a few were passed over for being " trimmed " excessively about 

 the head until it bore the appearance of being actually shaven. 



