August 6, 1874. J 



JOURNAL OF HOHTIGULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



127 



out heat in the spring months. Pleroma elegaus requires the 

 same treatment to cause it to grow and flower well. Kemoving 

 some of the stove plants wiU allow those that remain to have 

 more space to develope themselves, although at no time should 

 stove plants be crowded. 



Climbers have made free growth, and it has been necessary to 

 thiu-out the wood freely. It is a great mistake to allow climbing 

 plants to overshadow the house, as those plants underneath 

 that require light and air are much injured by them. As the 

 days are becoming shorter we give more air, and do not allow 

 the shading to be down longer than it is absolutely necessary. 



FLO^N-ER GABDEN. 



Carnations and Picotees have made very strong grass this year, 

 and before nest week's "Doings" appear most of them will be 

 layered. All the choice varieties are grown in pots. In this 

 way we have perfect control over tbe roots, and it is also an ad- 

 vantage to be able to carry the plants into the greenhouse or 

 conservatory when they are in flower ; even if they are planted- 

 out tbe flowers must be protected from tbe rains. Of Golden 

 Tricolor Pelargoniums that are scarce, and of which it is in- 

 tended to increase the stock, cuttings have been put in. All the 

 more tender sorts should be propagated as soun as possible ; 

 better to have one good well-established plant than three or four 

 that have been struck late and are with difficulty kept over the 

 winter. — J. Douglas. 



PROVINCIAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS. 



[Secretaries will oblige us by informing us of the dates on 

 which exhibitions are to be held. Although we cannot report 

 them fully, we shall readily note anything especially escoUent, 

 and we wish for information on such specialities to be sent 

 to us.] 



AUGUST. 



Aldborough and Boroughbridge. . 7 



Horninglow 8 



Clay Cross 11 



Hartlepool 11 



Meldrum 11 



Hillmortou (Rugby) 11 



Weston-super-Mare 11 



Ellon 12 



R'lyal Hort. Society of Ireland 13 



Tauuton Beane 13 



Malmesbury 13 



Birmingham 14 and 15 



Ryhopo 18 



Keevil, Wilts 19 



EckiQf^ton 19 



Cardiff (Glamorganshlrej 19 



Deal aQd Walmer 20 



Haverfordwest 20 



Reading 20 



Belfast 20 and 21 



Eastbourne 21 



AUGUST. 



Keighley 21 and 22 



Todmorden 22 



Shotley Bridge 22 



Wakefield 22 



Warkworth 24 



Wotton-under-Edge 25 



Banbury 25 



Dudley ( Worcester shire J 25, 26, and 27 



St. Andrews 26 



Sherborne 26 



Kempsey 27 



Cirencester 2? 



Tynemouth and S. Northumber- 

 land 26 and 27 



Skircoat (Yorkshire) 28 



Sandy 28 



Perth 2S 



Chailey 28 



Falkirk 23 



Bishop Auckland 28 



Kilmun, atroue, and Blamore .... 29 



TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



*.* It is particularly requested that no communication be ad- 

 dressed privately to either of the Editors of this Journal. 

 All correspondence should be directed eitherj to "The 

 Editors," or to "The Publisher." Letters addressed 

 to Mr. Johnson or Dr. Hogg often remain unopened 

 unavoidably. 



Correspondents should not mix up on the same sheet questions 

 relating to Gardening and those on Poultry and Bee sub- 

 jects, and should never send more than two or three 

 questions at once. All articles intended for insertion 

 should be written on oue side of the paper only. 



We also request that no one will write privately to [any of our 

 correspondents, as doing so subjects them to unjustifiable 

 trouble and expense. 



Books (J. Vine). — We never heard of a work on general gardening written 

 by a Mr. Mitchel. You must make a mistake in the name. 



Roses {W. A. TT.).— The only way to get a list of all the Roses extant 

 would be to procure the catalogues of all the Eose-growera, which they would 

 willingly supply you with. 



Fruits for Leeds (A fJubsci-iber). — You 'could not have made a better 

 selection, and they will all succeed in the situations you have indicated. 



Seedling Raspberry (J. D , Knumbrd).—ThG fruit was so bruised in the 

 caiTia^e that we could form no opiniou of it. 



White Lily (Mrs. Lakenham). — The Lily you sent is the old white Lily, 

 in which the petals, and, indeed, all the parts of the inllorescence, are con- 

 verted into white leaves. 



Azaleas after the Buds are Set (J. B. £ ).— The plants being now 

 plunged in the open ground, ought to remain there until the end of September, 

 and should then be moved to a light airy pogitiou in a house from wliieh frost 

 is excluded. The situation out of doors ought to be shaded from sun during 

 the hotteat part of the day, and the pots set on, not plunged, or only partially 

 BO, in coal ashes. 



Roses to Flower in Winter (/(Zchi).— To flower in winter prune the 

 plants at once, and repot, but without disturbing the ball—merely removing 



any loose soil. Place in an open sunny position, keeping well supplied with 

 water, but not making the soil sodden, and water overhead moruiog and 

 eveuiog. This will be sullicieut uutil tho plants have started afresh; but 

 water should be given if necossaiy to keep the soil in a moist healthy state. 

 At the end of September the plauts should be placed in a cool airy house 

 having abundant ventilation, and be kept from frost. They may give you 

 some flowers late in autumn and early in winter. The Tea- scented aod 

 Hybrid Perpetuals are best, but the Noisette and Bourbon clasacs aie very 

 useful. 



Davallia canariensis not Growing (il/. D.).— We should at once repot 

 the plant, removing all the rhizomes which are dry and saiiless, keeping the 

 centre of the plant rather high, and tho rhizomes on the surface. Keep 

 moderately watered, and moiat overhead until autumn ; then keep dry, but 

 only so much so as not to allow of the rhizomes shrivelling. It will succeed 

 in a greenhouse from which frost is excluied. Sandy peat three parts, fibrous 

 yellow loam one part, half a part each crocks (broken pots) and silver sand, 

 with good drainage, will gi'ow it well. We think the Lycopod sent is Selaglnella 

 Lyallii. 



PoLYPODiUM (Drynaria) pustulatdm PROPAGATION (M. P.).— The above 

 ig the name of tho Fern of which you sent us a frond. It is modt generally 

 known as Drynaria, but in some collections it is named Pleopeltis pustulata or 

 Billardieri. Propagation is effected by taking off the creeping stems with a 

 portion of the roots, and potting them singly in pots that will hold the rooted 

 part, the short and branched stems being best, not more than half-corering 

 the stems, and securing them in position with a peg or pegs. Kept moist and> 

 shaded it will soon make fresh roots, and begin to grow freely. It is best to 

 take the divisions in spring just before or when the plants are commencing to 

 grow. It may, however, bo doue now. 



HoT-WATER Boiler (Ledbitrij). — There is such a great vai'iety of boileis 

 with but slight differences that we could not justifiably recommend one in 

 preference to another ; besides, as a rule, we do not recommend dealers. What 

 you require may be gleaned from oui' advertising columns. Write to some 

 maker stating the piping required to be heated, and ask for prices. Only a 

 small boiler will be required, but it is well to have one that in power is above 

 rather than beneath that needed. 



Heating Conservatory (A. F. \S.). — You will need two rows — namely, 

 flow and return, 3-inch pipes, along the front and both ends of your bouss. 

 The most economical mode of heating would be from a boiler at the back of 

 the kitchen fire, but so arranged that the hot water could be turned off or on 

 as required, the water circulating in a cistern conveniently situated, and 

 answering for baths, &c. ; but care must be taken that when hot water is 

 required for the conservatory, it can be had by the stoppage of the circulation 

 in the cistern. You will need valves in the conservatory as well as in the 

 flow and return from the cistern. Be careful) not to have both the con- 

 servatory and cistern valves closed at the same time, also to have a proper 

 supply cistern. The^e measures are necessary to prevent an explosion. "We 

 should not think of having a boiler purposely for this house when you have 

 the means of heating from the kitchen range. 



Heating (Subsrrihcr). — Opinion differs as to the merits of cast or wi'ought 

 iron for boilers. For general purposes cast iron is probably the better of the 

 two. The valves should be within each house, and in tho 2- inch pipes rather 

 than the 4-inch, as the cost would be considerably less for the smaller size* 

 Two-inch pipes will answer for the mains, and will give a more speedy cir- 

 c'llaMon than were they of larger diameter, but we presume they originate 

 from pipes of larger diameter, the flow and return in connection with the 

 boiler being more than ii inches. Instead of three rows of 4-inch pipes being 

 better than two for a propagating pit, we should think four would not he toe 

 many, as two will be required for bottom heat, and yet two may be enough. 



Lettuces for Wintering in Frames (M. A. H. B. L.).— The best two 

 Cabbage kinds are Commodore Nutt and Lee's Immense Hardy Green or Ml 

 the Year Round ; and Cos, Hicks' Winter White, and Bath Cos Sugarloaf. 

 The seed should be sown in the second or third week of August, and the 

 young plants transplanted unier frames in October. We advise you to cover 

 the surface, especially about the plants, with charcoal. 



Geraniums for Early Flowering — Stopping Fuchsias (Idevi). — We 

 presume the plants are of the Show, Spotted, and Fancy kinds, not of the 

 Zonal or Nosegay sections. The former should be cut down now, each shoot 

 to within two or three eyes of its base, and should be kept in a cool aii*y house 

 until they break ; when they have shoots about an inch long they should be 

 turned out of the pots, the soil removed, and be returned to the same size of 

 pot. Place them in a cold frame, and in September remove them to a light 

 airy situation, in a house from which frost is excluded. For early flowering 

 the plants shuuld not bo stopped, but be shifted into the blooming pots in 

 November or early in December, and the shoots regulated as they advance. 

 In February tbe temperature may be raised to 45- or 50'' by tire heat, in 

 Jlarch to 55 -, and they will flower in April. Fuchsias ought not to be stopped 

 later than six weeks before the time at which they are requii-ed to flower. 



Aphides on Cauliflowers ( IF. A'. /i.).— The aphis would be best destroyei?. 

 by tobacco water, a gallon of tobacco juice diluted in five gallons of water, and 

 applied to the plants overhead with a rose watering pot. Dustiug the plants 

 with quicklime early in the morning or late in the evening is very useful, 

 repeating the dusting every second or thh-d day ; also a solution of soft soap, 

 2 ozs. to the gallon of water, applied with a rose watering pot at a temperature 

 of lUU ■ . 



Rose Buds Scorched— Propagating Wallflowers, Sweet Williams, 

 AND Violas {Nannie). — The only way to prevent the scorching of the Rose 

 buds will be to slightly shade them ; a little hay or a branch of a tree tied on 

 would answer perfectly. Yourqueryrespecting the Vines was answered the week 

 before last ; we have no recollection of circumstances jjrompting the advice. 

 Write to us again with particulars. Wallflowers of all but the double kinds 

 are best raided from seed, the double ones of particular kinds from cuttings. 

 They do best raised annually, the old plants being rooted-out after flowering, 

 or you may keep them for a second year, the parts which have flowered being 

 cut away as well as any straggling growths. Sweet Williams last for several 

 yeai's if trimmed after flowering, and the flowering-stems cut away. The 

 finest flowers are produced on young plants raised from seed annually. Tbe 

 same remarks apply to Violas. They are best propagated by cuttings every 

 year, though tbcy will endure for two or three years. They should bo 

 trimmed-in and top-dressed early in autumn. 



Plants forGreenhouse (A'ot'xv). — Unless your house were heated it would 

 not answer for plants in winter. We should advise you to have a stove boiler 

 within the bouse, with a flow and return 2-iuch pipe along the front, which 

 will be sufficient to keep out frost. In this case 3'our house will answer for 

 Camellias, Epacrises, Ericas, Acacias, Azaleas, Corouilla, Cytisas, which, with 



