218 



JOURNAL OP HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGB GARDENER. 



[ September 3. 1874. 



niums, but Verbenas would be better iu an airy position near the plasa. The 

 Calceolariaa would be best wintered in a frame. The stage over the flue will 

 answer for the herbaceous Calceolarias, Cinerarias, &c. You will need to ac- 

 commodate them in the early house until the Grapes are cut from this house, as 

 from the moisture the Grapes would not hang long in good condition where 

 the plants are. There are no annuals or perennials that would do well under 

 the trees you describe, and those that are doing pretty well have, we presume, 

 been planted when the trees were young. Cowslip, Primrose, Polyanthus, 

 Campanula carpatica, Hypericum calycinum, Periwiuklea, and Stachys lanata, 

 with Winter Aconite and Suuwdrops, would give a cheerful appearance. 



Peajis Ripening {Ignorofmis). — Benrr«;- Sterckmans in January and Feb- 

 iuary, and Priuce Albert iu February and March. The knob you enclosed is 

 &n excrescence formed by a grub wounding the root to which itis attached. 



CoNSTRocTiNG FORCING PiT (Wcst Coast].—YonT house will be a span-roof 

 resting on walls, which may be of stone, and reduced to 4 inches at top, so as 

 to take a wall plate of that width. You have no front lights, nor are any 

 necessary. This will be a great saving. We should not have any lights, but 

 have the roof fixed, rafters aud sashbars exclusively; the wall plates 4 inches 

 wide and 3 inches thick ; the rafters 4 inches by 2^, and fixed narrow surface 

 upwards ; sashbars, 2^ inches by Ik, and these narrow surface upwards. You 

 will need a ridge piece 9 inches by 2 inches, and the rafters morticed and 

 tenoned into it, and so that their upper surface will be 3 inches below the 

 top of the ridge. Two feet from the ridge on one side you will need to intro- 

 duce a cross piece 3 inches by 2i inches, and level with the upper surface of 

 the rafters, aud parallel with the ridge. Into these cross pieces the sashbars 

 are to he let, whilst on the other side of the roof they will be fixed into the 

 ridge, they as well as the rafters on that side being fixed so as to correspond 

 with those on the other. The rafters and sashbars we should fix so as to 

 take glass about 15 inches wide, less rather than more. They may rest on the 

 wall plates, being cut so as to fit on the wall plates exactly, and be raised so 

 that the rebate for the glass may be 1 inch above them at the lower edge to 

 admit a fillet of wood 1 inch thick and 3 inches wide, which should be cut so 

 us to suit the rafters and sashbars, and project out beyond the wall plates 

 Ij inch, and having a groove on the under side half an inch from the edge. 

 This will cause the water to drip into the spout and keep it from running 

 down the walls. You will have a space at top on one side of the ridge clear, 

 all but the rafters, 2 feet wide ; for this you will need lights that may be 6 feet 

 long, with sashbars corresponding with the rafters and sashbais, the lights 

 2 inches thick, and hinged with 4-inch butts to the ridge. These hghts 

 bhould move upwards with crank and lever, so that the whole cau be raised 

 at one lift, and opened little or much at will. You will need tie-rods of iron 

 to every rafter, and about 4 feet from the ridge, calculating perpendicularly. 

 They may be three- quarter- inch iron, and secured to the rafters with screw 

 bolts. These rods will form an admirable spot for thelves, affording room for 

 plants over the path. The rafters and sashbars to be rebated half an inch 

 wide and deep for the glass, and two sashbars to be fixed between every rafter. 

 The ends may be sashed for glass level with the angle of the roof, and be of 

 the same strength as the roof t^ashbars. The door posts 5 inches by 4 inches, 

 and door 2 inches thick and 3 feet wide, but it must not exceed the width of the 

 path. The glass throughout 21-oz. sheet, thirds quahty. The furnace may 

 be 2 feet 3 inches long, 15 inches wide, and the same deep, with an arched 

 roof of fire bricks, the furnace being composed of them. The ashpit should 

 be 15 inches deep below the bars. The flue, for at least a yard from the 

 furnace, should be of fire bricks, and you will need to have the bottom of the 

 Hue level with the top of the furnace. The flue may then be taken level, or 

 with a very slight incline, to the chimney. The flue may be 15 inches deep 

 and a foot wide. We should have the flue raised more than 4 inches from the 

 floor, and the furnace sunk a:!cordingly. The house would be best with the 

 ends north and south. You may have Vines, one to each rafter, having a 

 border partly within and partly outside the house, one side of the house being 

 arched, so as to admit of the roots passing from the inside border to the out- 

 aide one. The flue will need to be on one side of the path, so as to admit of 

 the inside border. Your house will be a vinery. Under the Vines you may 

 have plants on a wtage, but, these, though doing fairly, will not be so good as 

 if you had no Vines ; and in winter you will not be able to do more than ex- 

 clude frost, as the Vines will then need rest, 



HEEBACEona Plants for FLowER-cttTxiNO (F. J.).— Campanula celtidi- 

 foha, C. macrantha, C. rapunculoldes, Cheiranthus longifolius, Delphiniam 

 Beatsoni, D. Belladonna. D. Madame Richalet, Dianthua neglectus, Erigeron 

 epeciosus, Hemerocallis flava, Nepeta Mussiuii, Pentstemon Torreyi, Phlox 

 eubulata ocnlata, Scabiosa bilenifolla, Sisyrinchium odoratissimum, Spir;va 

 japonica, S. palmata, S. Filipendula plena, Statice latifulia, TroIIius europoms, 

 Veronica prostrata, Vicia argentea, and Saxifraga longifiora vera. We have 

 omitted Pinks, Carnations, Picotees, Wallflowers, Stocks, Liliums, Gladiolus, 

 Phlox, PjBony, Violets, &c., which are indispensable where cut flowers are in 

 demand. 



Primulas of Last Year {Td^'m).— Being in 5-inch pots they should be 

 shifted into 6-inch pots, the sides of the ball loosened, and then placed iu 

 a cold frame, removing to the greenhouse in October. Any old leaves should be 

 lemoved, and the plants placed somewhat deeper than they were before, but 

 do not cover any part of the fleshy stem, taking care not to wound the stem, 

 otherwise the plants may die off at the neck. 



Muscu Miiscn Apricot (J. J?.}.— Small, almost round, and slightly com- 

 pressed. Skin deep yellow ; orange red next the sun. Flesh yellow, remark- 

 ably transparent, tender, melting, and the sweetest of all Apricots. Stone 

 impervious. Kernel sweet. Excellent for preserving. Ripe in the end of 

 July. This desciiption is from Hogg's '* Fruit Manual.'' 



Gbubs on Peak Leaves {A. Fuher ; J. B. C, Chshunty^Thej are known 

 popularly as the Slimy Grub, and are the offspring of a four-winged fly, 

 Tenthredo adumbrata. If you can refer to our No. 638, page 484, you will 

 see a drawing of the grub and the fly. To destroy the grubs dust the leaves 

 with slaked quicklime. Two dustings generally destroy all. 



Insect on Conifer Cones (Beta).— It is a species of Psylla, probably 

 Psylla Laricis. These insects are alhed to aphides, aud the same applications 

 wMch. kill the one would destroy the other. 



Names of Fruits (Boston Spa).— Windsor Pear. (K. C. B.).— No. 1, 

 Lewis's Incomparable; 2, Carel'e Seedling. The Pear is not known. (M.). — 

 Duchess of Oldenburgh. (Q. Diss). — No. 7, Lamb Abbey Pearmain. 



Names of Plants (M. H. Af.).— Perhaps an ^schynanthus, but the speoi- 

 men was withered. (H. T. M.).— You send no leaf of your Aloe; itis near 

 A. mitripformis or A-latifolio. Ferns shortly. (W. H. D.). — 1, Spiraea saUci- 

 foUa ; 2, Gentiana asclepiadea; 3, Verbasoum phceniceum ; 4, Lysimachia 

 vulgaris; 5, a double- flowered variety of Barborea vulgaris, (Lady Maria). — 

 Auredera acandena. (/. WiisUn),—Yoii have named them all correctly. 



POIILTRT, BEE, AND PIGEON CHEONIOLE. 



THE POULTRY-KEEPER.— No. 17. 



THE BREDA FOWL. 



HEN — CUCKOO VARIETY. 



The weight and form of a good hen of this variety, called alBO 

 the Gueldre, are nearly the same as those of the Houdan. She 

 should weigh 6 lbs. 10 ozs. Her head ia almost exactly like the 

 cock's in regard to comb, tuft, &c., aud only diCering iu the 



Fig. 69.— Breda Hen. 



wattles, which are rather small. The foot is feathered like that 



of the cock, but the lengthening of the feathers of the hock is 



lees apparent (fig. 69). 



Plumage. — In each variety the plumage of the cock and hen 



. is alike. In the Black they 



JL "'■ 



are all black, in the White 

 all white, and in the Cuckoo 

 variety it is entirely cuckoo. 

 Each feather has four grey 

 regular marks visible on the 

 white ground {fig. 70), ex- 

 cepting the sickle feathers 

 of the cock, the marks on 

 which take the form of 

 grains of oats. 



With the hen the large 

 feathers of the wings and 

 tail are often less clear 

 than on the other parts, 

 and the marks of these 

 feathers vary from six to 

 seven. 



The Breda and Gueldre 

 are excellent layers. Their 

 eggs are very large aud ex- 

 cellent. They are seldom 

 broody. 



This beautiful fowl is 

 much esteemed in Holland, 

 where it comes from. Iu 

 France the Black variety is 

 believed to be much used in 

 producing the Black Cochin- 





Fig. 70.— Breda Hen's Feather. 



Chinas, and it is thought that the Cuckoo (Gutldre) is used much 

 iu the production of the Cuckoo Cochiu-Chiua. It is certain 

 that this variety is justly praised for cross-breeding, aud traces 

 of it are found in the principal French varieties. 



BINGLEY POULTRY SHOW. 



The eighth annual Show of the Airedale Society was held in 

 Myrtle Park, Bingley, on August 2Gth. Poultry and Pigeons 

 were shown under a tent in pens on Turner's principle. This is 

 a good Show for young poultry, as may be expected from the 



