392 



journmj of horticulture and cottage gardener. 



C October 20, 1874. 



2 and 3. W. Button. Extra 2, G. Gott, Leeds. vJtc, W. Howard; J. "WMttaker, 

 Bradford; W. Lister; W Uulton. 



yonKiHiBE.—Evc7ily marked Yellow.—l, W. Button. 2. J. Stevens. 3. W. 

 Cotton, Mid'ile&bruugti. vhc.F. Tritschler; J.Whittaker; W. Button. Evenly- 

 ■mnrked Buff.— I, R. Hawman 2 and S. W. Huiton. 



yohitsHiBE.— t^/((L'en/y-j?mrA-(V/ Yellow. — i. J. Garbutt. Stokesley, 2, W. 

 Carrict. s, C. Hoidaworth. Unevenly marked Buff.—l&nd 2, G. Gott. 3, G. 

 Cooper. Darlington. 



Cleab liHEEN.— ], W. Cotton. 2, J. Stevens. 3, J. Rowland, Marske-by-the- 

 Sea. 



MULKS. 

 ^Goldfinch a>"d'Canary. — Evenly-marked. — l,' J. Stevens. 2, J. Cooper. 

 Extra '^, Moore & Wynne. 3, R. Htavinau. I'/ic, W. Butes. Nottingham; J. 

 "Whittaker; J. stevtns. he, T. Allei-bj-. Durham. Dark.—l, G. Cox. a, W. 

 HuuoQ. 3. T. Tenniswood, Middlefbrougli. r^ic, G. DoUnan ; J. Bexson ; W. 

 and C Btiniiston. c, W. & 0. Borniston. 



Linnet akd Canabv.— 1, J. Stevena. 2 and 3, J. Spence, South Shields, he, 

 W. Button. Dark.—l, J. Stevens. 2. G. Ashman, Stockton. 3, W. Carrick. 



Any * THER Class.— 1, T. Ti-nniawood. 2, W. Button. 3, R. Bawman (Green- 

 finch and Canary), vhc, A. Waterworth, Leeds (buUtinch.and GoldHnch). 



BRITISH BIRDS. 

 Goldfinch. -1,T. Allenhy. 2. R. D. White, Malton. 3,^W. Carrick. ;ic, P. 

 Henrice, M jddle&brou|ih ; W. & C. Burnioton. 



Linnet ~Brown.~l. W. Carrick. 2, J. Carrick. 3, W. & C. Borniaton. vhc, 

 W. Carrick; J. Carrick. 



Bullfinch— 1, J, Kowland. 2, W. Lister. 3, J. C. Bamber, Preston. 



Any other Variety.— 1, Fryer & Bolt. 2, J. Bailey, Ormesby. 8. R. Pear- 

 son, Whitby, i^hc, B, W. Castelow, Sunderland; J.Bailey, he, W. Lister; R. 

 Peafbon ; H. Weat, Darlington ; W. & C Burniaton. 



Selling Class. -1, W. Henderson, Whitby. 2, G. Cox. 3, M. Burton. 



JuBGE. — Mr. J. N. Harrison. 



SOUTH STOCKTON CANARY SHOW. 



The members of the South Stockton Ornithological Society 

 held their first Exhibition of Canaries, Mules, and British birds 

 in the Temperance Hall, South Stockton, on the 16th and 

 17th inst. On the whole there was a very good show of birds. 

 The principal features in the Show were the high-coloured 

 Norwich of Mr. Adams, of Coventry, and the Yorkshire-bred 

 birds which were exhibited in somewhat unusually large num- 

 bers, the four classes devoted to them containing no less than 

 eighty-nine specimens. The Belgians, as is mostly the case, 

 were very few in number. There were several excellent speci- 

 mens of the Cinnamon and Lizard Canai'ies exhibited. The 

 following are the awards : — 



Belgiaxs.- 1, T. Joblin, Middleabrotigh. 2, Fawcett & Anderson, Baildon. 

 3, R. Uawman. 



Norwich —C/far TelVno.—l and I'Jic. J. Adams, Coventry. 2. Johnson and 

 Armstronjj, Nortballerton. 8, Petty & Cuss, York. Clear buff.~l, B. Simpson, 

 Whitby. 2 and 3, J.Adams, vhc, Johnson & Armstrong; J. Spence, he, R. 

 LayBeld ; Ciemins m iv jiilerton. Darlington. 



Norwich.- Euenly-viarked Yellow or Buff.— I, Johnson & Arrastronff. 2, J. 

 Adams. 3, R. simpson. lie. J. Prior. Unevenly-marked Yellow or Buff —\ and 

 2, J. Adams. 3. J. Greenfield, vhc, J. Bell ; R Uawman ; Cleminson & EUer- 

 ton ; JohDson & Arraetrong. he, R. Jackson ; T. Cleminson. 



MohWicH. — Crested. — 1. R. Hawman. 2, Johnson & Armstrong. 3. R. 

 Triffltt, York, vhc, R. Triffltt; Cleminson & Ellerton. he, A. Armstrong, New- 

 castle; Barriaoi (J; Huntress. 



Cinnamon.— JoTigHe.—l and 2, J. Adams. 8, M Burton, Middlesbrough, vlic, 

 J.Taylor, he, 3. 'I. HaTis^.n- 2J»#.— 1 and 2. J. Adams. 3, J. Taylor. vhc,B., 

 Simpson ; W. Carrick, Middlesbrough; Johnson * Armstrong. 



LI24BD3,— Goid^n.-l. 2, anrt vhc. K. Ritchie, Darlington. 3, Cleminson and 

 Ellerton. Silver.— I and 2, R. Ritchie. 3, Cleminson & Ellerton. vhc, J. 

 Stevens; E. Ritcbie. 



YoKKSPiEtE.— C7ear Yei/ou'.—l. Johnson & Armstrong. 2, H. Walton, Stock- 

 ton-on-Teea. 3, T. Tenniswood, Middlesbrough. r>hc, J. Stevens (2). he. R. 

 Stonehou&e; J Rowland. Clear Buff— I, J. Thackrey, Bradford. 2, L. Belk. 

 Dewsbury. 3. R. Pearson. Whithy. vhc, C. Bolt; J. Garbutt; Johnson and 

 AimstroEg; J. O. Bell: Fawcett & Andtraon. he, N. Oughtred ; J. Tnackrey. 



YoRKSRiHE.— Even-marked Yello\r or Buff.~-l,J. Stevens. 2. J. Wilkinson. 

 8, L. Beik. vhc, J. Thackrey; T. Tenniswood; Johnson & Armstrong; W. 

 Thornton, he, J, Thackrey (2); J. Garbutt; W. Cotton. Uneven-marked 

 Yellow or Buff.— 1.3. Rowland. 2, J G.Bell. 3. W. Carrick. v/ic. J. Thackrey ; 

 C. Hualdswurth ; G. Turner ; J. Garbutt ; J. Wilkinsoa ; R. T. Iddson. 



Clear Green —1, J. btevens. 2. R. Jelly. 3, W. Honhby. 



Any < THER Variety.— 1, L. Belk. 2, fawcett & Ander-ton. S. J. Fryer, vhc, 

 J, Garbutt ; W. & C. Buraiston ; Fawcett & Anderson ; W. Ware, he, J. Sedg- 

 wick; J. Brock. 



Cage of Six.— 1, Cleminson & Ellerton. 2. T. Cleminson. 3, Johnson and 

 Armstrong he, J. Dick ; W. J, Hampton ; J. Greenfield. 



Goldfinch Moles.— 1, J. Stevens. 2, T. Tenniswood. B, J, Spence. 



Linnet Mcles.- 1, J, Spence. 2, J. Stevens. 3, C. Holt. i;ftc, G. Ashman ; 

 "W. Raw: J. Spenci?. 



Goldfinch —1, W. & C- Burniston. 2. G. Johnson. 3, P. Henrico. 



Linnet -Browji.-l. W. Canick 2, T. Tenniswood. 3, T. Dickenson, vhc, 

 W. Carrick: J Haraton; J. Greenfield; J. T. Harrison; W. Buckle, he, W. 

 and C Burniston; R Kearsnn; W. Baichelor. 



British BiRDM.—l. J. Gales. 2, J T.Harrison. 3, R. Pearson. 



Selling Class.— I, J. bteven^. 2. J. Fryer. 3, J. Kowland. 



Judge. — Mr. "W. A. Blakston. 



A SHOET DIALOGUE ON A CANARY SHOW. 



" Let us go and see the pretty birds," said a little girl to her 

 mamma, as they were recently passing a place where a bird 

 Bhow was being held. 



"No! my dear; they say Canaries now are so 'hot,' thatlam 

 fearful of venturing with you too near them. It was only the 

 other day I actually read of one being a ' scorcher.' " 



"But, mamma, perhaps some of them are only ' warm.'" 

 "Weil then, we will go atad judge for ourselves." 

 They therefore entered the show, and whilst examining many 

 splendid specimens, overheard a visitor remarking to his friend 

 — " That's a 'hot' un/" at the same time pointing to a very 

 "beautiful-looking Canary. 



The lady's attention was rivetted to the remark, and curiosity 

 brought forth the explanation that it meant strength of colour. 



She was amazed when informed that the deep orange tint conld 

 be produced through a free use of cayenne pepper, and was 

 further informed that those who knew best how to administer 

 the pepper would succeed in obtaining the best-coloured birds, 

 if they were of " good breed." 



The little girl, who had been attentively listening to the ex- 

 planation, said, "But mamma, if they are like the Claimant 

 their memories may fail, and they may forget how to give the 

 pepper, and then what use is good breed?'" 



"Well my dear, they will then meet with disappointment, 

 which I trust you will learu to bear up against. The little birds 

 you see around us were sent for our pleasure, and to fill our 

 hearts with gladness." 



BRIGHTON ALL-ENGLAND BIRD SHOW. 

 In connection with the Snssex third grand annual Exhibition 

 of poultry, Pigeons, and the first of dogs and cats, a Bird Show 

 was held. There were 153 cage birds exhibited, most of which 

 were of the choicest kinds. The competition with many of the 

 high-coloured birds was severe ; but Mr. Adams exhibited some 

 "great guns" in the way of colour. The silver cup offered to 

 the winner of the greatest aggregate number of points was won 

 by Mr. Lulham, of Brighton, he making fourteen points. Show 

 was held at the Boyal i?avilion. We published the awards laet 

 week. 



HIVES. 



The question of hives is a very important one for apiooltu- 

 rists, and it is desirable to view it from several stand- points. 

 Some five years ago I ventured to express my opinion on the 

 sizes and materials of several kinds of hives in these pages, and 

 for doing so I have been roundly abused. I again approach the 

 consideration of the subject with some reluctance, and hope to 

 be able to discuss the question with fairness, and with ut a 

 touch of harshness of spirit or language. In all honest investi- 

 gation no one has anything to fear or to lose. In all honest dis- 

 cussion, the vanquished more than the victor is enriched. Every 

 question has two sides. 



The material of which a hive should be constructed is forced 

 on the attention of apiarians by some who would have us be- 

 lieve that hives made of wood are better than the " wasteful, 

 murderous straw skeps." Such advocates assume that wooden 

 hives tend to the preservation of the lives of bees, and straw 

 ones to their destruction; but the destruction of bee life does 

 not depend on this or that kind of hive, or whether hives are 

 made of wood, straw, or other materials. 



Wood hives are more durable than those made of straw, and 

 if they possess another point of superiority I have failed to 

 discover it. In his practice with bar-frame hives the late Mr. 

 Woodbury found that straw is much better than wood, and 

 therefore during the last years of his life his bar-framers were 

 made of straw. Mr. James Lee of Bagshot, who took the first 

 prizes at Manchester and the Crystal Palace Bee Shows for 

 hives and bee furniture, is a practical bee-keeper as well as au 

 extensive hive-maker. At the Manchester Exhibition he told 

 me that wooden hives are very objectionable, owing to their 

 condensing the moisture of the bees on their insides. 



Mr. Quiuby, who is, to say the least, one of the largest bee- 

 keepers in the world, and an enlightened bee-keeper in America, 

 being President of the Apiarian !3ociety there, makes the follow- 

 ing remarks in his book on "The Mysteries of Bee- Keeping." 

 At page 300 he says, " We have all heard of the great success in 

 wintering [bees] in the old-fashioned straw hives fifty or a 

 hundred years ago. They were discarded, it is said, on account 

 of harbouring the moth worm, and in consequence, Mr. Lang- 

 stroth says, * Straw hives are warm in winter and cool iu 

 summer,' and, again, 'hives made of wood are fast srperseding 

 all others.' Notwithstanding this," continues Mr. Quinby, 

 " I shall greatly err in my judgment if straw as a material for 

 hives does not in a great measure regain its former position iu 

 public favour. We have now straw hives of convenient shape, 

 some of them covered by a patent, but that is chiefly on the 

 manner of holding the straw. The proper degrees of heat and 

 cold when most desirable are great advantages, and these can 

 be obtained on principles long ago recognised. Hives made with 

 double boards enclosing a dead air space do very well in regard 

 to warmth, but they do not dispose of the moisture with sufii- 

 eient rapidity. The moisture must be got rid of, and in no way 

 can it be done so well as by straining it through straw. Besides 

 being advantageous for wintering', straw hives are superior iu 

 keeping the temperature warmer and more uniform throughout 

 the spring, thus promoting early breeding and swarming. After 

 the beginning of summer they do not seem to possess any 

 special advantage over wood hives further than that their 

 combs are less liable to melt down. But the objection first 

 raised by most persons — viz., harbouring the moth worm, has 

 not arisen in my experience. Oat of a large number containing 

 bees through the sv.mmer not one has been injured in this way." 



