November 5, 1874. ] 



JOURNAL OP HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



409 



Vine Leaves Maturing (A. ^.l.— The leaves are quite healthy, anil we 

 think the earlier maturity of the one Vine aa citmimred with the other is 

 Bolely due to the want of moisture, the Vine with the (?reen leaves having a 

 considerably raoister border. If the Grapes arc not ripe now upon the Vino 

 with the mature leaves they never will be so. Perhaps they are ripe but not 

 well coloured. 



Pkoit Trees for Garden (J. Maddock).—Ap}Kles, Dessert— Early Red 

 Maruaret, Red Astrachan, Kerry Pippin. Kiofj of the Pippins, Cos's Oran;,'e 

 Pippin, Court of Wick, Ribston Pippin. Mannin:,' ton's Pearmain, Reiuetto du 

 Canada, Ai^ams' Pearmain. Lnrd Burj^hley, Cnckle Pippin, Melon Apple, and 

 Sturmer Pippiu. Kitchen Applea— Lord Saftield, Alexander, Cox's Pomntifi, 

 Rymer, M«-re de M-nnge, Blenheim Orange. I>um«low's Seedlini:, Warner's 

 Ein^, Bedfordshire Foundling,', Alfriaton, Winter Majctinp, Tower of Glamis, 

 and Norfolk Beefing. /*(flr,s— Citron des Carmes. Jaryonolle, Beurrt,- Giffard, 

 ■Williams's Bon ChnHien, Benrn- d'Amanlis, Beurre Superfin, Louise Bonne 

 of Jersey, Beurn'' Hardy, .lerwey Gratioli, Baronne de Mello, Doyenne du 

 Cornice, Marie Louise, Bourn- Diel, Van Moos Leon leClerc. Napolerm, Beurr'- 

 Bachelier, GInu Mori;eau, Winter Nelis, Benrn'^ do Banco, Ne Plus Meurini, and 

 Berffamotte Egperen. Catillac is best for stewing. Dessert Phims— Kirke'w, 

 Green Gai^e, Golden Gage (Lawaon's), Transparent Ga:,'e, Denniston's Superb, 

 and Coe's Golden Drop. Kitchen Plumfi— Diamond, Mitchelson's, Prince 

 Englebert, Prince of Wales, Pond's Seedliufj, and Victoria, also Damson. 

 Clierrif's-^'^a.y Duke, Bigarreau Napoleon for dessert, and Kentish and 

 Morello for culinary use. ApTtcott — Kaisha, Hemskerk, Royal, and Moorpark. 

 Peaches— Ea.T\y Louise, Early Alfred, Groage Miiinonne, Dyraond. Violette 

 Hative, Lord Palmerston. N'-ctarines—IjOTd Napier, Elruge, and Violette 

 Hative. Nuts and Filhfrls—KeDtiah Cob, Dwarf Pndific (Pearson's); Purple, 

 Red, and White Filbert. Medlar — Nottingham. Quince — Portugal. 



SoLANUM Capsicastrtjm (H. J. Jamcs).—This is the species of which you 

 sent us a specimen. It was dried-up, but we think the leaves are changing 

 colour because its period of growth is over. It may be raised from seed sown 

 in February. 



Applying Salt to Roses (L. J. K".}.— The mildewed leaves may be 

 syringed with a solution of salt, 4 ozs. to each gallon of water. It will not 

 injure the trees by sinking into the soil over the roots. Prevention of the 

 mildew is better than to have to cure it. Mildew will rarely appear if the 

 roots are thoroughly watered in spring and summer, and a mulching of rich 

 manure kept on the surface of the soil. 



^ Name of Fern (H. L. E.).~It is readily diatinguishable by its wiry creep- 

 ing stolons as Nephrolepis tuberosa, a very handsome yet common kind. We 

 have it on rockwork covering several square yards, the fronds from a height of 

 8 feet reaching a long way down towards the floor. 



MoyiNO Rose3 FROiii A Nursery (H. L. E.).—Qei them any time after 

 the middle of this month and plant, mulching well with littery manure after 

 planting, and watering if the ground be dry. 



Fuel for Heating Greenhouse (Scyhor).— Of the kinds of fuel yon 

 name we should prefer the coke, but all boilers do not consume it well, though 

 most will if it be mixed with small coal or slack. We use "nuts," which are 

 not 80 wasteful as small coal. Coke, if it has to be brought from a distance, 

 is too costly, and if you find the cost will be more than that of house-coal 

 nuts, we advise the latter. The other descriptions of coal are not suitable 

 for ordinary furnaces. 



Names of Pears {Jrf^m).— Hogg's "Fruit Manual" contains what yon 

 wish. A new edition is in the press. 



Tomatoes Failing (R. P.).— From the description you give of the failure 

 of Tomatoes it is clear you bave the Tomato blight or disease, which U the 

 flame as the Potato disease. Probably your soil is too moist and rich. Keep 

 it drier, and do not enrich it. Wa presume you do not save seed. If you do, 

 throw it away and have a change. 



Bottom Heat for Cucumbers (Idem).— The two 4-inch pipes ought to 

 give you sufficient bottom heat. It is quite a matter of taste whether the 

 pipes are in a chamber or covered with rubble to the depth of about 6 inches, 

 put by the latter you will have a higher bottom heat than were the pipes iu 

 a chamber, and more unsteady. The four 4-inch pipes along one side and end, 

 or two 4- inch pipesalong two sides and one end, ought to give ample top heat. 



Heating Glazed Verandah (Han-iX S.).— If you use the flueless stove 

 you mention you will kill some of your plants and injure the others. No fuel 

 can be used that does not give out hurtful fumes. Cannot you use a small 

 gas stove with a tube to convey the fumes into the outside air? 



Charcoal-heated Stove f-4. ^. M.).— Whether the stove would heat effi- 

 ciently depends on the size of the house and the heat which is to be main- 

 tained. Coke would be cheaper; but whatever fuel be used, carry off the 

 gaseous products of combustion by a pipe opening outside the house, and 

 take care to insure sufficient moisture in the internal atmosphere. 



Piping to Heat a Greenrouse {Holly Bank).— As you only propose to 

 heat on one side you will require three 4-inch pipes the length of the house, 

 two flows and one return, or better four pipes, as the ends are in a very bleak 

 and exposed situation. This will give you two flow and two return pipes, each 

 ths length of the house. 



Liquid Manure for Chsysanthemums (Idem}.— When the Camellias 

 commence swelling their buds they may be watered with weak liquid cow 

 manure once a- week, also Azaleas, and for the Chrysanthemums and Primulas 

 it may be applied at every alternate watering. The Azaleas ought not to be 

 repotted until they have llowered, and then immediately. A stage of Camellias, 

 Chrysanthemums, Azaleas, and Acacias ought not at this season to be 

 syringed twice a-day, nor at all unless it be occasionally to free them of dust. 



Curing American Blight (Wz-m).— The following is from the "Gardeners' 

 Year- Book" for 1874, and is an infallible remedy:—" Take a pint of gas tar 

 and mix with it a pint of dry powdered clay. Form the whole into a paste 

 by adding by degrees a gallon of warm soft water." Apply with a brueh to 

 the parts infested, and, in fact, the whole tree but the buds, and bare the 

 roots and examine them, as this pest descends and feeds upon them in winter. 

 The composition should be thoroughly brushed into the crevices and angles. 

 Apply warm — not over 12(r. 



Oil FOR American Blight (Mw.^ D.).— Linseed oil boiled and applied 

 cold with a brush. It is sold ready boiled by all oil and colourmen. 



Wall Border {A Fre.'^h Subscribcr).~li the border is wider in one part 

 than it is in another, that would not make any difference to the health of the 

 trees. The wide part would not have any advantage over the narrow part, nor 

 the narrow over the wider portion. 



Names op Fruits (J. B. FT.).— Beurre d'AmanUs. (H. Hall).— 2, Swan's 



Egg; 4, White Doyenne; 5, Jersey Gratioli. The numbers of the others 

 were quite obliterated by the acidity of the rotten specimens. (A. A. C). — 

 1, Belle de Ni el; 2, Glou Mori,"eau ; .1, Bearn'* Diel ; 4,Dunmore; 5, Blenheim 

 Pippin ; 6, Winter Green'ng. ( W. O.). — 1, Autumn Red Calville ; 3, 5, Adams' 

 Pearmaiu; 7, Braddick's Nonpareil; 8, Bess Pool ; 12, Warner's King. (B. L., 

 Tpfnoich).-!, Brown Beurrii; 2, Bergaraotte Cadette; 3, Bourn' de Raoce ; 

 4, Jersev Gratioli ; 5, Napoleon ; 6, Swan's Egg. (.S. O.). — Your Grape appears 

 to be Black Prince. (B. P. N.).—l, Gogar Pippin; 2, Pigeon; 3, Keswick 

 Codlin ; 4, Borovitski. 



Names of Plants (F. E. H.).— The Tunis plant ia Cassia ligustrina, Privet- 

 leaved Cassia. Your friend must have confused it with the remembrance of 

 some other plant. All the Cassias are yellow-flowered. (D. Ferguson). — Alon- 

 soa incisifolia, a native of Chili, and very worthy old inhabitant of oar 

 gardens. {B.}. — Cannot name from leaves only. ( fV. B. P.). — Your Ferns are 

 Adiautum macrophyllum and Onychium lunidum. {W.F.R.}. — Asplenium 

 bulbiferum. iH. P.). — 1, Cyrtantbera Pohliana (Justicia carnea); 2, Pyrus 

 japtinica (?); 3, Hypericum hirciuum ; 5, Perhaps Eriauthus Ravemire. We 

 do not name florists' ilowera. (T. Wcii)-— Oberonia sp. (J. S. R.).— Browallia 

 viscosa and a Comraelina. (W. F. B.).— It is a Bouvardia, hut no one can 

 name a plant from such a dried scrap. 



POULTRY, BEE, AND PIGEON OHEONIOLE. 



THE POULTRY-KEEP ER.- 

 THE MALAY. 



-No. 20. 



COCK — GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. 



The body smaller than that of the Cochin ; form more erect 

 than of any other variety ; flesh ordinary, hard, and dense ; 

 feathers long and straight, lying close on the body; thighs, 

 shanks, and feet strong and long ; shoulders projecting ; tail 

 slender and short; comb triple and very thick; skin red; beak 

 and feet yellow. 



Weight. — Eleven pounds. 



Height. — Twenty-nine inches and a half from the head to 

 under the feet. 



Body. — Conical, large in front, and becoming gradually smaller 

 to behind, where it becomes pointed. This shape and the 

 plumage is so slippery and close-fitting on the bird that it is 

 difficult to hold it. The body is much inclined from before to 

 the tail, and the arched back forms an angle of 45'. The thighs 

 and shanks are long, strong, and thick. There is no variety 

 that has so much flesh on the breast and pinions. The wings 

 are placed very high and very close to the sides, which make the 

 shoulders very large. 



Head. — Strong, short, and conical, flattened on the akuU, and 

 wide between tbe eyes. The red fleshy part which envelopes 

 the whole head is very apparent. 



Comb. — Thick in a single lamp, yet one of the triple combs 

 covering the base of the beak and extending to the middle of 

 the skull. 



Wattles. — Middle-sized. 



Ears. — Proportioned to the length to the wattles. 

 Cheeks. — Large, and bare, and red. 



Beak. — Short and conical, very strong, bent down, and clear 

 yellow. 



Eye. — Malicious, having the expression of that of an eagle ; 

 iris rosy yeUow : pupil very dark ; eye covered by an eyelid so 

 much developed that when seen in front the eye is not visible. 

 The bird's look is always savage and menacing. 



Shank of Leg. — Very long and very strong, of a bright yellow 

 colour. 



Toes. — Strong, long, and well clawed, of the same colour as 

 the leg. 



The Malay cock is one of those hardly to be classed among 

 the fighters. His gait is restless and threatening. His physi- 

 ognomy is cruel, impatient, fierce. He carries the head very 

 high ; his neck, straight and slender, gives an angular form to 

 the shoulders. His body is very much raised in front and set 

 on long legs, and finished by a slender horizontal tail, com- 

 posed of short feathers straight and pointed. Somewhat fleshy 

 and large in the body, its plumage is smooth and close. 



Plumage. — The feathers are very long, very straight, and 

 without any down, fitting close to the body in layers like the 

 scales of a fish. They seem varnished and are very slippery. 



There are Malays of many colours, but the principal types are 

 — The White variety, the most esteemed for the good effect 

 they produce when the cocks and hens are together, the pure 

 white of the feathers, the yellow beak and feet, and the red 

 which surrounds the head are effective. 



Of the Black variety, the cock is always marked with red on 

 the shoulders, though the rest of the plumage is black, and the 

 hen is all black. 



The Red variety is bright red on the hackle ; the lancets and 

 the large wing feathers of a deep mahogany red to the shoulders, 

 on the breast and thighs of a paler red on the sides, on the 

 abdomen, and legs; coverts of the wings and the whole of the 

 tail briUiant green. The hen of this variety is entirely red with 

 rosy tints in patches in all the varieties. The hackle feathers 

 are short, and make more apparent a very long neck. The tail 

 is short and thin. 



