442 



JODENAL OP HORTICULTUKE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ November 19, 1874. 



effect. They were arranged in the old style, and I was pleased 

 to see the chaBte effect in them of a uniform edging of the pretty 

 Koniga maritima, an old but most useful plant. The fine old 

 Yariegated Geranium Lady Plymouth also told well ; it is an 

 excellent variety, and, so far as I am aware, is quite distinct from 

 any modern introduction. The vases were in great beauty, being 

 well filled, and with an abundance of blossom upon the plants. 

 Some large circular beds on the semicircular lawn in front of 

 the south corridor, treated in a remarkably bold style, were very 

 fine. The centres contained a mixed mass of Dahlias and 

 Hollyhocks surrounded by a belt of yellow Dahlias, alternating 

 with white in the next bed ; this was enclosed by another belt 

 of a fine, dwarf, dark crimson Dahlia, blending beautifully 

 with a band of dark Coleus placed in front of it, and with an 

 edging of Golden Pyrethrum. There were ten of these, beds 

 and as they were placed singly, and some distance apart, near 

 the margin of the curved part, they embraced nearly the whole 

 of its bold sweep with excellent effect. 

 A detailed account of the planting in every bed or design 



has a nice nutty flavour. The plant is easily grown in a pot 

 in a stove, is about 1 foot high, and has rather pretty yellow 

 flowers. Half way up the stem a root shoots out and turns 

 down to the earth, where it forms a new Pea Nut. — W. D. A. 



THE SAWFLY ENEMIES OF OUR FRUIT 



TREES. 



Amongst the family of the Sawflies there are numerous 

 species which prove more or less injurious to our fruit trees. 

 Never a season passes, probably, without a certain per-eentage 

 of loss arising from these insects, which from their peculiarities 

 of habit are often difficult to deal with. Some cultivators 

 know only too well several species of the genus Nematus, allied 



3, 3, 



Fig. 121.— Border at Crystal Palace. 

 Echeveria secnnda glaaca 



9, 

 10, 19, 



Altemantbera amcena 



Me^embryanthemam cordifolium variegatum. 



Blae Lobelia 



Golden Feather Pyrethrum 



Cnjeus Verschaffelti 



White variegated Geranium 



ChriHt ioe Geranium 



Madame Vaiicher Geranium 



Stella Geranium 



bluish grey, 

 carmine, 

 pale yellow, 

 deep blue, 

 bright yellow, 

 deep crimson, 

 white and green, 

 pink, 

 white, 

 crimson scarlet. 



has not been given, because it would be neither interesting 

 nor instructive. I have striven rather to impart a critical tone 

 to these papers in order to render them really useful, and I 

 should be glad to take part in a discussion of the various 

 systems of outdoor floral arrangements in the pages of the 

 Journal ; for I am sure that the very marked advance in taste 

 and culture, or rather in art knowledge, that was evident in 

 these and other public gardens which I have visited this 

 autumn, must inevitably lead to a similar improvement gene- 

 rally. But the mere copyist can never do this well, there must 

 be a thorough knowledge of the principles which rule all art 

 works ; and just in proportion to the mastery of this and its i 

 intelligent application will be our success in imparting depth, 

 meaning, and fulness of expression to the association of what 

 is elegant in form or beautiful in colour. — Edwaed Luckhukst. 



Ambkican Pea Nut. — In answer to " Co. Antrim," page 408, 

 this Nut is produced by Arachis hypogsea, a native of tropical 

 Asia and Africa, and is imported in large quantities to Europe 

 for the manufacture of salad oil ; it is used in the United 

 States roasted like Chestnuts, and eaten in theatres, &a. It 



to the familiar Gooseberry fly. The parent Sawflies deposit 

 their eggs in clusters on the branches, and the gregarious 

 caterpillars, which seem to feed by night as well as day, make 

 sad havoc with the leaves, and also influence the productive- 

 ness of the trees, principally by the obstruction they cause to 

 the due leafage and development : so some have suggested that 

 they actually poison the sap of the trees or plants they attack. 

 Then, also, though fortunately these insects are not so generally 

 distributed, species belonging to the genus Lyda visit Apple 

 and Pear trees, L. Pyri especially forming disagreeable webs 

 in which the larva; partially secrete themselves. But not trust- 

 ing entirely to the protection of this common habitation, each 

 individual forms a separate case for itself, which may be 

 either entirely of silk or partly of rolled leaves, resembling 

 somewhat those formed by some of the small moths of the 

 Tortrix tribe. Scarcely any of these larvae move with any 

 degree of rapidity, for they are without abdominal legs, 

 though they possess two horny projections at the anal extremity; 

 yet they are not easily extirpated, from their habits of conceal- 

 ment, and there really seems no better way than the removal 

 and destruction of all branches seen to be infected. 



Then there is that species which escapes notice on the wing, 

 because it comes forth at a season when fiying insects are 

 abundant — namely, in May and June. This has been expressly 

 named the Apple Sawfly, and perhaps it confines its attacks 

 to that fruit ; in science it is known as Tenthredo testudinea. 

 Professor Westwood tells us that he has watched the females 

 busy amongst the Apple blossoms, but they are so sensitive to 

 alarm that he could not approach near enough to see the de- 

 position of the eggs, which are probably placed in, or close to, 

 the calyx. The fly, which is about three-quarters of an inch 

 across the wings, has the upper surface of the body of a brilliant 

 black, the sides of the head, antennae, legs, and under side 

 orange freckled with brown. The eggs are doubtless some 

 little while ere they hatch. As soon as the fruit has made such 

 progress as to afford the larvte food they lodge themselves 

 comfortably within the Apples, and the particular ones they 

 favour of course go to swell the number of " windfalls," since 



