November 10, 1S74. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURS AND OOTTAGE GARDENER. 



455 



of turfy loam, about a sixth part of old mortar rubbish, and a tenth of half- 

 inch bones, well iucorporated. It would be well If you could raise tho border 

 and form it into a terrace, especially if the soil is wet. Plant early in March, 

 but we should form the border at once. If tho loam is poor it may have a 

 fourth of well-rutted manure added to it. 



Wintering Plants in a Frame Flue-heated (Q. P.).— It will not 

 answer to hll-in against the sides of the flue, as that would deprive you of tho 

 heat, from the sides, but they should be kept clear, and you may have a wooden 

 stage for the plants, a lattice stage being beat. Flags or elates aunwer well, 

 but sheet iron, unless galvanised, is soon corroded, and is. besides, costly and 

 unsuitable. The supports for the sta^e ought not to rest on the flue, but bo 

 clear of it to prevent tire in case of overheating. 



Pampas Grass— Alpines for Rockery (Agnpatithu,-i).~Va.mT?a.s Grass 

 would not succeed in a border shaded by tree^ and exhausted of its moisture 

 by their roots ; but if tho trees do not injuriously affect the border in the 

 above way you may plaut with a fair chance of success ; they are host planted 

 in spring befoi-e growth commences. As Ferns and Ivy grow well, it is evident 

 they, and not subjects which require sun, are most suitable. A few Alpines 

 for the rockery are Alyssum sasatile corapactum, AnthylUs eriuacea (palo 

 blue), Arabis albida, Aubrietiii Campbelli (blue), A. deltoidoa grandiflora (bluet, 

 Campanula gar;^auica (bluish purple), Cheiranthus longifulius, Cistus algar- 

 vensis. Cyclamen coum, Diauthus neglectUH, Draba aizoides, Erysimum 

 pumilum, Globularia nana (pale purple). Phlox Nelsoni, Santoliua alpina, 

 Saxifraga affinis, S. ceratopbylla, S. granulata, 3. longiflora vera, S. palmata, 

 Sfidums acre, cyaneum (purplish blue), atropurpureum, glancum, pallidum 

 roseum ; Sempervivum arachnoideum, 8. californicum, SLlenepumilio, Statice 

 alpina, and Veronica prostrata (blue). 



Potatoes and Rira^nnEs in a Pit (P. iS.). — You do not say whether yon 

 propose to cover the pit with lights, but if not you will need a sort of frame- 

 work to support tho protectuig material. We presume you have some kind of 

 fermenting matter to afford a gentle warmth, and we should place it in the 

 pit at front to tho depth of a foot, and at back "24 inches deep, which will leave 

 you a foot to the glass. Leaves will answer, and with 6 inches of soil upon 

 them will be so firmed as to leave you a foot clear in a short time. The 

 soil should be rich loam, licht rather than heavy, anil when it is a little 

 warmed you may plant the Potatoes in rows 15 inches apart, and the sets a 

 foot apart in the rows, placing them 4 inches deep. Radishes may be sown 

 over the surface, and the seed be either raked-iu or covered with half an inch of 

 soil. All the treatment required is to expose fully when the weather is mild, 

 and protect from frost by mats and straw coverings in severe weather, not 

 remoring them in crmtinuod severe weather until a general thaw. If you cau 

 command an abundance of protecting material commence at onco, but if not 

 we should defer planting until early in February, in the meantime having the 

 sets in a suitable place to sprout. When they have pushed shoots from one- 

 half to three-quarters of an inch long you may plant. We grow in frames 

 handriugham, Ashleaf, Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf, and Veitch's Ashleaf. The 

 first is earliest, but the last two are better croppers, and for yom* purpose 

 would be most suitable. We have no book treating of PaiTota. 



Pears for Wall— Select Azaleas {J. W. Z>.).— Pears .- Beurre Super- 

 fin, Conseiller de la Cour, Marie Louise, Beurrt' Diel, General Todtleben, and 

 Glou Morreau. Aznieas : Criterion, salmon pink with white edge, spotted 

 lake ; Dnchesse Adelaide de Nassau, rosy scarlet, tinged violet ; ]\Iar-f, orange 

 scarlet; Kinghorui, rosy lilac; Mdlle. Marie Lefebvre, white, semi-double; 

 and Mrs. Turner, pink, margined white, upper petals spotted purplish crim- 

 son. Camellias : Bonomiana, white, flaked carmine ; Mathotiaua, crimson ; 

 Valtevaredo, rose; Mrs. Cope, white, striped crimson; Fimbriata, white; 

 Storyi, rosy pink. 



Burr Knot Apple.— "E. P." would be obliged by being informed where 

 this Apple tree can bo purchased. 



GoosEnERRiES FOR Green Jellv (Amatcur). — Grow the following varieties 

 as you wish them to be late : — General, Shiner, Telegraph, and Thumper. 



Grapes not IvEEPiNa {A. B. C.). — Grapes are not keeping well this 

 season, and it is likely your house is too moist, and the size of the berries and 

 want of colour show they have not;'ripened perfectly, TVhich is against their 

 keeping. The want of colour is probably due to too heavy cropping. The 

 remedial measures to he taken will be to keep the atmosphere drier, to apply 

 fire heat only by day after the Grapes are ripe, with abundance of air, and 

 leaving a little air on at night, hut no fire; having the border covered with 

 shutters to throw off the rains, and so keeping the roots from throwing too 

 much moisture into the berries; whilst a less crop, with more air, and 

 probably a lower temperature when ripening, would give you a remedy for 

 the want of colour. 



Veronica and Solandm Leaves Bl4cicened (S. i\). — The leaves are 

 covered with a black fungus, a consequence of honeydew being deposited upon 

 their surfaces by the insects the plants have been or are infested with, and 

 which we think in the case of the Veronica are brown scale. In that of the 

 Solanum the e%'il may arise from aphiiies infesting the points of the shoots. 

 The aphides may be destroyed by fumigation with tobacco ; and the brown 

 scale may be destroyed by a solution uf soft soap, half a pound to two quarts 

 of water, to which add about a wineglassful of spirits of turpentine, and apply 

 with a brush at a temperature of 12U". The scale will bo removed at once, 

 and the plant in about three hours afterwards should be laid on its side 

 and thoroughly syringed. The solution should be kept from the roots. It 

 will destroy every species of scale. The white scale on Acacias it browns and 

 removes. 



LiLitm AURATUM Seed Sowing (Kit.«/0-— The seed should be sown at 

 once in pota or pans fiUei to within half an inch of the rim with a compost 

 of equal parts sandy peat, leaf soil, and fibrous loam, well di-ained. Level 

 the surface and scatter the seeds evenly, and cover about a quarter of an inch 

 deep with fine soil. Water gently, and place on a shelf or in a light any position 

 in the greenhouse, and keep moist, but avoid making the soil sodden. In due 

 course the plants will, if the seed be good, appear-, and then water as required 

 to keep moist and promote a free growth. By next autumn the seedlings 

 may be shifted into other pots or i)ans, placing them with every root care- 

 fully about 2 inches apart, and about an inch below the rim, so as to allow for 

 a light top-dressing uf soil in spring ; and, being duly attended to with water, 

 they will by the following autumn be fit to pot-off singly in 7-inch pots, and 

 after another season's growth they will be of a flowering size. The soil only 

 needs to be kept moist in winter. 



Shrubs for Shelter on Sea Coast (Delia Jlocca)— We should not 

 confine ourselves to evergreen shrubs or trees, but have deciduous as well. 

 At the most distant point of view wo would have a line at least of Sycamore 

 at 16 feet apart, with Mountain Ash midway of the distance, and between 



these a^oin and the Sycamore, at 4 feet distance of course, the scarlet-berried 

 Eider (Sambucus racemosa), and in front of these inwards a row of Guelder 

 Rose at 4 feet apart. We should theu commonco with evergreens, and have 

 Austrian and Corsican Pine at 8 feot apart, aad fill-up to 4 feet apart with 

 Tamarink These will give you a good background, and you will need to 

 aiTauge f^ir the front next the house, forming curved linos, and so as to have 

 groups or clumps, or what will appear as such, with a few specimen and taller 

 subjects dotted here and there. I'he Chiueee Juniper, Pinus insiguis. Ever- 

 green Oak, and Broad-leaved Holly are desiiable for spocimons. Alaternus, 

 Arbutus, Laurustinus, and the different kinds of Hollies do well ; also Broom, 

 Cotoneaster, especially Simmnnsi, Double Gorso, Eacallonia macrantha, Garrya 

 elliptica, Evergreen Privet, Euonymus, and Sweet Bay. These, or some of 

 them, judiciously arranged will give you all you require ; but we cannot 

 instruct you as to their arrangement for effect, as this would require to be 

 done by someone on the spot. 



Watering Plants in Winter (J. W. J5.).— It is not necessary fco water 

 plants in winter so much as in summer. Some of them will bo at rest, as 

 Fuchsias, and only require water tu keep the wood from shrivelling, and tho 

 same remarks apply to all deciduous subjects. Evergreens, as Camellias and 

 Azaleas, with Acacias, will require to have the soil always moist, watering 

 only when they need it, which at this season may ba twice a- week, or oftoner, 

 as the weather and fulness of tho pots with roots may determine; whilst 

 subjects which ai-e growing freely, as Cinerarias, Cyclamens, and bulbs will 

 need to be kept well watered. Before the foliage flags, a thorough watering 

 should be given, sufficient to show itself at the drainage. This is the whole 

 and sole art of watering for evergi-eeu and deciduous plants in agi-owing state. 

 In watering we mast be guided by circumstances. Syringing is not necessary 

 for greenhouse plants in winter. You will find the treatment of most green- 

 house plants in our new edition of the *' Greenhouse Manual," which may ha 

 had by post from our office for lOd. 



Arrangement of Flower Beds (A Vtry Old Dublin Subscriber).— dm- 

 vert the parallelogram into an oval for the Roses, sarround it with a baud of 

 beds composed of four curved oblongs, alteruating with four circles, keeping 

 a strip of turf 5 or 6 feet wide between the oval and the enclosing beds, 

 which should bo about 5 feet wide. Flowers may be planted among the Roses 

 without hurting them provided the soil has an annual dressing of manure. 



Insect in Apple Tree (IT. L.).~The caterpillar which has completely 

 eaten through the whole length of the stem of your Sturmer Pippin tree is 

 that of the well-known and very destructive Wood Leopard moth, of which a 

 description and figure, with an account of its habits, wei'o published in 

 No. 485 of this Journal.— I. 0. W. 



Naming Plants froji Sprays {.4 Constant Reader). — We do not recog- 

 nise the spray of the shrub, but it resembles an Alaternus. For identifica- 

 tion, flowers as well as leaves are necessary. 



Names of Plants (E. Corneh'ii<).— 1, Eryngium virginianum; 2, Muhlen- 

 beckia complexa. {D. Thormon). — Owing to the very imperfect material we 

 can only name your Conifers approximately. 1, Thuja Menziesii, Dougl.; 

 3 and 5, two species of Abies; 4, Biota (Thuja) orientalis, L. ; G, Libocedi'us 

 chileusis, Endl. 



POULTRY, BEE, AND PiaEON OHRONIOLE. 



TRIMMED HAMBURQHS AT THE OXFORD 

 SHOW. 



Mr. Hewitt has received a letter from Mr. Long containiag 

 the following as an explanation : " The second bird examined 

 was May's bird, the same man who originally bred and showed 

 mine. I wished it to be seen to show that the original breeder 

 was the clipper. He sold it to Hyde, and Hyde to Duckworth; 

 Dackworth, not long before Oxford, writing me to sell it to 

 him again. He knew of the clipping, or how did he manage to 

 enlighten me?" Mr. Hewitt adds — "No one can possibly be 

 more regretful than myself to say even a single word to wrong 

 anyone, and Messrs. Duckworth I never saw nor corresponded 

 with in my life ; and I will add that, so far from being a rare 

 matter, any general judge knows that prize pens of poultry are 

 constantly being shown, first in one name, then in a week's time 

 in quite a different name, and aa rapidly get transferred back 

 again to the original owner." 



THE POULTRY-KEEPER.— No. 27. 



THE PADUA BREED— DUTCH CRESTED VARIETY. 



In the most of these varieties the hen has much richer and 

 more characteristic plumage than the cock, and as the principal 

 interest attached to them is the pleasure they give by their 

 appearance, I shall begin by describing the female first, as it is 

 with her we find the most striking points. Though these 

 varieties are almost entirely selected as being ornamental, they 

 are not less good for the table. Their flesh is very fine, and 

 they are generally excellent layers. The chickens are very pre- 

 cocious, but their tenderness renders them very difljcult to rear. 

 But after several generations in the same country they become 

 more hardy. 



TABU AS OB POLANOa. 



This variety is one of the strongest among the fancy varieties. 

 The flesh is delicate, their laying very good, and they are non- 

 sitters. It is remarkably well crested, which forms its principal 

 ornament. Its plumage is one of the most rich as well as 

 variegated, and wonderful in regularity. Three essential charac- 

 teristics are— the crest, the plumage, and the complete absence 

 of comb, the ear-lobes and cheeks being what amateurs call 



