546 



JOURNAL OP HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ December 17, 1874. 



pentleman aforesaid. Tho Apple will be ilegorlbed ia the new edition of Dr. 

 IIogg'H " Fruit SlaauaJ." 



Rose (J. li. Bojjdt.—The blnom looks lika Anna Alcxietf, but it is not easy 

 to name, as it came filatteaed in a letter. 



FoRoiNo SraAWBEEEiES {M. J.). — The best Strawberry for very early 

 forcing ia Black Prince, followed by Keeuft' Seedling. Of the three varieties 

 you named, President U the beat. Yuu bhoiUd place your pots in the house 

 at once and keep up a temperaturo of 45-^ at night, raiein;^ it to 5(P in two or 

 three weeks, but not higher than this until the llowcr hmi^ are disceruible, 

 when the niifbt temperature may rise to 55'^, aud ultimately to tiO^ by the 

 time the flowers open. When in flower the atmocipbere muat be drier, and as 

 much air admitted as possible. The plants will suoeeed best od a shelf near 

 the front of the house. The Vines may be taken in when the buda show 

 bigns of starting; or if the Grapea are required early the Vines may be 

 started with the Strawberries. If President ia started at once the fruit would 

 be ripe early in April. 



RsGRAPTiNo Peae AND Gkaftino Plum Thees {W. TT.).— As the Chau- 

 montel Pear tree is Tery large, we advise you to try three different varieties 

 on it — viz., Williams's Bon Chretien, Eeurr<'' d'Amanlia, and Loui=e Bonne of 

 Jersey. The best Plums to work on the Plum stocks, if for standards, are 

 Victoria, Prince Euglebert, Mitcbelsun's, Orleans, and as a very early variety, 

 Rivers' Early Favourite. The best for walls are JtlTeraon's, Coe's Golden 

 Drop, Green Gaj^e, and a good black Plum is An;;eliua liurdett. 



Eii'OsiNO Greenhousf Vines {A Subscriber, Birmingham). — It is quits 

 uuneceasary to expose gretsuhouse Vinen by passing their stems to the outside 

 during winter. It often injures them, and is never beneficial. 



Hbadinq down a Pear Tree for Grafting (A Novice).— Do not head 

 the tree back until the time of putting in the grafts, and this is usually to be 

 done in March, dependant upon the season. The grafts ought to be removed 

 before they are siarted into growth, and kept with their eods in moist soil or 

 ctay. The grafting should be done when the tree buds are swelling ; the sap 

 is then up. Orowu-grafting will be the most suitable if the branches are over 

 2 inches In diameter, or cleft-grafting; but if tho branches are small tongue 

 or whip-grafting is beat. 



Peach Hodsb Infksted with Insects iH. G.).— The brown bugs may 

 be brown Peach aphis, which may be removed by dressing the trees now with 

 a solution of soft soap in a gallon of tobacco juice, to be had of any druggist, 

 the ioap being thoroughly miied with the tobacco juice and applied to the 

 trees with a brush, taking caro to reach every part and not dislocate the buds, 

 and applying at a temperalure of 100'^ to 120^ before the buds swell. It may, 

 however, be browTi pcale, which may be destroyed by adding to the above- 

 named solution a wineglas^ful of spirits of turpentine to every half gallon, 

 thoroughly mixing, and applying with a brush. If it be scale, and the trees 

 are badly kjfested, repeat the apijlieation in a week, taking care to thoroughly 

 apply it to every part. This has elfectually cleared an Early York and Royal 

 George of brown scale and the aphis upon others, the trees sustaiudng no 

 mjury. Sweet oil would no doubt destroy the scale, and at the same time 

 cause injury to any not-overripe wood. It is a pigment better avoided than 

 adopted in fruit culture. The turpentine must be thoroughly mixed with the 

 solution, and only applied when the trees aie at rest. 



TnELLia voR Pear on Quince (J. i,'.).— The space you propose for the 

 upright training is not too little between the branchew. '1 be distance between 

 the branches ought not, however, to be less than 8 inches, better 10 inches, 

 as, though tbe distance may at first appear great, it is none too much when 

 the trees are plentifully supplied with spurs. Usually they answer well at 

 8 inches. The trees you propose planting are maidens or have been grown 

 one year from maidens, and have two shoots. Cut each shoot as you show in 

 your sketch to originate the shoots a, c, and continue the spring growth in 

 the direction a, b, d. The beading to a will give you two shoots ; one is to 

 be trained upright, formiog the branches a, c, and the other taken forward, 

 and when it reaches b be taken upright by a gentle curve, forming the branches 

 R, D. When the yhoota a, c, have grown 'J iuches take out their points; but 

 the shoots u, d, are not to be stopped until they have 9 inches of perpendicular 

 giowth, and then pinch them. Of the shouts which originate from the stopping 

 take up one aa leader, and the others pinch at the third leaf. If the leading 

 ahoot after stopping does not grow more than 9 inches do not atop it uor 

 bhorten at the winter pruning, but at every 9 inches stop the shoots— that is, 

 the leaders, and the side at three leaves. Dispense with winter pruning, or 

 have Uttle neceseity for it. 



Pruning Vines (P'iiis}.— Prune them as you propose to two eyes, tbe 

 Vines being worked upon the spur hystem, and when they break select the 

 lower shoot if it show fruit, and remove the upper one. By this plan you 

 will keep the epurs short, but by leaving the shoot from the upper eye year 

 after year the npurs soon become long. Of course, when there is not fruit on 

 the lowest shnnt it must be removed and tho upper fruitful one retained. 



Labour REguuiED {A. IF. H.).— The extent of gardens you mention will 

 bo well kept by nine hands and the head gardener, wlioso wages ought not to 

 be less than 8L)a. per week, house, &c. ; hut so long as the supply exceeds the 

 demand gardeners' wages will, as compared with other trades, beat adiscount. 

 Of courtio there is exception to the general rules: sumo employers are not 

 ruled by market values. 



Garden LAnKi.s.—Di our notice of " Yeatea' Garden Labels," at page 519, 

 his uome was erroneously spelt " Yeaat." 



Names of Plants ( W. D. C.).— The shrub is Loniccra involucrata, lovolu- 

 crated Honeysuckle. The other specimons were mere miserable leaves. {A 

 Comtant Ii€ad''r}.—'We cannot name plants from leaves only, we must have 

 flowers besides. ( FV. B".).— "Wo are obliged to return you the same answer. 



POULTRY, BEE, AND PIGEON OflSONIOLE. 



LEEDS SMITHFIELD POULTRY EXHIBITION. 



?" Held December 8tb, 9th, anti 10th. The quality on the whole 

 wfiB good, but there was an evidcnt;falling-off in the number of 

 entries, consequent, we think, onHhe reduction of classea for 

 poultry. In fornaer years prizes for both adults and chickens 

 ^ere provided, and the plan appeared to bo successful ; but 

 this year all a^es competed together, and as a natural result 

 in those breeds in which size is a point, exhibitors mnny of 

 Ihem did not compete, as chickens in such classes aa Brahmae, 



Cochins, Dorkings, and Game, cannot compete as a rule suooess- 

 fully with old birds. In some breeds, sucli as Bantams, Ac, all 

 ages do well together. We think it worth while reflecting on 

 the matter, and if not too late, aa it never ia to mend, that the 

 Committee return again to their good old ways. 



Game were very good classes. In single cocks two fine old 

 Brown Reds secured first and second with little to choose 

 between ; third a very stylish old Black Red. Black-breasted 

 Red cocks a good class. First very good ; the pullet one o£ the 

 best we have yet seen. Second and third also good ; but we 

 should have placed 154, highly commended, before either, the 

 cock being perhaps the best in the class in our opinion. Brown. 

 — First-and-cup a splendid pen throughout, and well worthy 

 their position ; second a flue hard-feathered pen, as was also the 

 third. Duckwings. — First a stylish pen of chickens — the Bir- 

 mingham winners we think, and hence a clear win, and appa- 

 rently hoaestly shown, exemplifyiog the old saying, that 

 " honesty is the best policy." Second old birds, too heavy in 

 feather. Third we liked better. Any other variety. — Grand 

 old Willow-legged Piles were first; srcond and third good Pile 

 chickens of capital quality. Dorkings, all ages together, a 

 moderate class. Cochins (Buffs). — First capital chickens; 

 second good adults. Cochins {Any other colour). — First fine- 

 shaped old Partridge. Second and third capital Whites; old 

 birds well shown. Bralnnas (Dark). — First, cup, and Mayoress's 

 cup, and second Mr. Auadell's two old pens secured, but we 

 should have transposed them. Lights only a moderate class. 

 Spanish. — Amongst them a few good pairs. First the Birming- 

 ham winner, old bird ; second a capital chicken. French were 

 fine classes, Mr. Grant and Mr. Cutlack's Houdans being very 

 good; and Mr. Cutlack and Mr. Crabtree'a Creves were also 

 fine. Polanih. — Mr. Beldon's first and-cop birds, old Gold ; 

 second Silvers, with his well-known birds ; third old Golden 

 cock, good in colour. Samburghs were good classes, the first 

 Black, Golden-pencilled, Silver-pencilled, and Silver-spangled, 

 not forgetting the old Gold-spangled, to which the cup was 

 awarded, all being first-rate. Bantams were all good classes. 

 The Black-Red cock of Mr. Hall, to which first was awarded ; 

 and the cup pen. Black Reds, Mr. Entwisle's little gems. The 

 Duckwings and Brown Reds were also good. Black Bantams 

 were a large class, and the quality capital, the first being very 

 good in comb and earlobes ; second also very good, with better- 

 furnished tail, but scarcely so good in comb and earlobe. In 

 Whites the first was perhaps tbe best we have seen this season. 

 Sebrights good. Gold were first; second and third Silvers, 

 white ground, but rather faint in lacing. The Booted class was 

 a failure, only two pens (Whites) putting in an appearance. Any 

 other Bantam.— First and second good Pile Game. Turkeys, 

 Geese, and Ducks were all fairly represented, Mr. Walker here 

 coming well to the front. 



Pigeons were a nice collection. The Pouters. — First White ; 

 second Blue. Carriers. — First-and-cup grand Duns; second 

 Black. Twm6Zf'?'s were small classes. Mr. Silvester's Almonds, 

 first, were capital in colour and well broken. Mr. Horner's 

 were also good. Long-faced, Black Mottle, and Black Beards 

 were both good. Foreign Owls. — First very small Whites, 

 well shown; second Blues. Euglish Owls. — First Silvers, re- 

 markably good ; second Blues. Jacobins. — First and second 

 Reds; both good, with little to choose between them. Trum- 

 peters.— FiiBt a capital pair of the new type. Turbits. — First 

 Yellow, second Blues : should have placed second first. Fan- 

 tails. — The Newark birds first and second, clearly winning. 

 Barbs. — Prize birds neat young Blacks. Mr. Harvey's well- 

 known birds lost their chance, their being made-up in eyes. 

 Nuns a fair class, the winners Black. Dragoons. — First a 

 splendid pair of Yellows; second magnificent Blues. Aniwerps. 

 — Fair classes ; but some of the best were too late, notably Mr. 

 Wright. Magpies. — First Bed, pretty; second Black, nice. 

 Rnnfs only one pen, large Silver. Swallows. — Both prizes to 

 Reds. Archangels. — First capital in metallic lustre. Any other. 

 — First. Spaneiedlce ; second. White-breasted Ice ; a pretty pair 

 of Isabels highly commended. 



A Silver Cu->. valiio Five GuiQ.-a:^. given by the Moynresa (Mra- Marflden), 

 for th-> beqt P'^n of Poultrv in tbe Exhibition— awafiiei to Mr. Thomaa F. 

 AnsdelJ, of St. Helen's (Brahtna Pootraa). 



I-ivH Pouuda. or silver Piati- of tile satns valu», f jr the best Pen of Gnmo 

 Fowls, Wat* awarded to Tom Maioi. Carus Lodge, Lancaster (Brown. breasttil). 



(iAUK, — Coct —1, I), (-laytoo, Manntnuham. -3. T. Mason. 3, E. Arkroyd, 

 EceleEblll, Lredn. )ic. W. Spencer: J. Folton ; F. Sal-s. Black-hieaiiteii.~l, 

 W.J Pope. Bigt^IeBWiule, Bedfordshire 2. J. Nelson, Cookehaw. Hexham, a, 

 W. Spencer, Uaworth. h^, T. Hirst: K. Aykroyd Brown breasttfd.—l. T. 

 JIason. 2. R. Pavne. Bnralev. 3, P. Sales. Crowle. l^oncister. he. J. W. 

 Thornton ; Mrs. Wulshaw. c,"R. Smith : W. Bentley. Duckwing.—], E. Wili- 

 wood, Worcester. 2. W. Spencer. Haworth 3. F. Sales, he, T. Mason ; J. 

 Nelson. Any other varktit.—], F. Sales. 2 and », G. S. Thonipewn, Moorlsnda. 



Four Pounds, or Silver Plate of tho same value, for the beat Pen of Fowls in 

 the Dnrkini,', Cochin-Chii h. and Brabnia Pootra dashes— awarded to T. F. 

 Ansdell, St Helen's { Dark Brahmas). 



DoBKi~as.— I. K. Smitli. jun., Norton. Jlalton. 2. O. Pounfler, Kirby Moor- 

 side. 3. VV, Harvey. Shellleld. he, W. Morllu : F. Shaw: J. E. Mande. 



OncHiN-t'iiiN*.— f'iiiH/iwioji or Iiu^. — ^, W. H. Crahtree. Leavenshulme, 

 Manchehter. 2. J. Wh'to, Whitley. Nethorton, WakefleH. S, J North, 

 HuddersrtRld. ?ic, B. C. Mid«loy Any othfr varUtij,—y. T. Aspden, Church, 

 Accrinrrfon. 2, H. Beldou, Goitstock, Bingley. 3, C. Carr, Wilsden, Bingiey, 

 he, J. While 



liBABUA I'uoTsi.—Diuk.-l and 2, T. F. Ansdell. S, J. Lyon, St. Helen's. 



