144 MR. WILLIAMS ON THREE NEW VARIETIES OF APPLE. 



fellow judges of fruit that I would save their teeth from the 

 effects of tasting sour apples. I accordingly set to work, and 

 having arranged the reduced pulp of about a dozen apples in 

 rows on a dish, where, with a number corresponding with each 

 fruit, it remained about fifteen minutes, I then pointed out 

 which I expected we should all agree was the best fruit for the 

 press by the depth of the brown tint assumed by the absorption 

 of oxygen ; and according to the experiments of Mr. Knight and 

 Sir Humphry Davy, the absorption added to the sacch 

 matter. If you were to reduce a small quantity of the fle.sh of 

 my Pitmaston Golden Pippin, by scooping off a little of it with 

 the point of a tea-spoon, a silver dessert-knife, or an ivory scoop, 

 you will in about fifteen or twenty minutes find the pulp two 

 shades at least of a deeper brown colour than that of the Old 

 Golden Pippin under similar treatment. 



Pitmaston.) near Worcester, Dec. 16</i, 1845. 



\Note by Mr. TIiompson.'\ — The Pine-Apple resembles the 

 Old Golden Pippin in shape, but is larger ; skin, rich orange- 

 yellow, partially russeted ; flesh, yellow, very rich and sugary ; 

 an excellent dessert apple. Its season of perfection may be stated 

 from December till February. 



The Pitmaston Golden Pippin, and the Stoke Park Pippin, 

 very much resemble the Pine- Apple. All of them are more 

 sugary, but not so juicy as the Old Golden Pippin. As first-rate 

 dessert fruit they are highly deserving of cultivation. 



It may be observed that a knowledge of Mr. Williams's ex- 

 periments for ascertaining the merits of apples and pears may 

 lead to useful results in other respects. It has been experienced 

 that apples which cook of a white colour may be made to acquire 

 a fine tint by paring and cutting a day before, so as to expose 

 the juice to the action of oxygen, which, as Mr. Williams states, 

 invariably changes the colour. 



XXII. — Remarks on the Culture of the Pine- Apple. By John 

 Povey, Gardener to the Rev. J. Thornycroft, of Thornycroft 

 Hall. 



(This communication was accompanied by three Black Jamaica Pines, 

 weighing 4 lbs. 1 oz., 4 lbs. 11 oz., and 4 lbs. 12oz. respectively, for which 

 a Certilicate was awarded on the 4th of November.) 



The soil which I use is good turfy loam mixed with about one- 

 third well-rotted stable dung. For suckers I add a little white sand. 

 My mode of growing the pine is this : — In the month of October 



