January 20, 1870. ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTUBE AND COTTAGE GABDENER. 



63 



pair won, really very fair in girth and limb. Dragoons made a 

 large class, where the quality was excellent. Fantails were 

 very good too, all the noticed pens being worthy of their cards. 

 Tumblers only made three pens ; the winners nice in head. 

 Autwerps came seven pens in number, where nothing out of the 

 way was to be found. The Variety class was very interesting, 

 sixteen pens, mostly Toys, being entered. The Selling class of 

 Pigeons, too, were a fair lot. and many pens weio cheap at the 

 catalogue price of 20s. Mr. W. T. Levering, the Secretary, sent 

 six pens not for competition. The awards follow : — 



D0I1KING3,— Ccifourfti.— Cup, Rev. H. F. Hamiltcn. Comljo St. Nicholas. 2, 

 Kev. G. WatBon, Lympslone. S. J.W. NichoUs, Poldew. Any varUty.—l.H. 

 Feast. 2, J, Carr, Swanaea. S.MiBa H. M. Tremayne, Heligan. 



C0CHI.N3.— Bnir. Wliite, and Cinnnvwn.—l. Eev. R. S. S. WoodKate. 2, C. 

 Bloodworth. 3, .7. N. Wljitchcail. Partridge and Brown— J, H. Tomlinson. 

 2, Hon. Mrs. Sugden. S, G. Lias. 



BRSHjiis.— Bur;.-.— 1, J. Doel. 2, F Bennett. S, W. Bums. Lijhf.— 1, Rev. Q. 

 Watson. 2,J. H. Nicholls. 3. Rov. H. .1. Burrow. 



French.— 1. s. W. Thomas. 2, ,1. H. Nicholls. 3, W. H. Copplestone. 



OiME.-Btac* j;,(;s.— 1, u. W'UliamsoD, Jan. 2, F. Glanville. 3, J. Cardell. 

 Brown iicrf.— Cnp, J. T. Browne. 2 and 3, H. Browne. Any other variety — 

 lands, J. T.Browne. 2, T. J. Lobh. 



SpiKisn.-l, S. H.Hyde. 2, Mrs. Tonkin. 3,J. Boulton. 



PoLiNDS.— I, G. Lins. 2. .1. Hiuton. 3, U. Bloodworth. 



aAiiBVBana.-Gold»i>anoled.-l, H. Feast. 2.S. R Harris. Silrerapnngled. 

 — Lap, N. Barter. 2, S. K. Harris. 8, H. Feast. «oW-j)enci(if(i.— I, G.Piickham. 

 2. N. Barter. 3, Miss J. Kellow. .Siil'tr jK?ici»cii.— 1 and 2, H. Feast. 3, N. 

 Barter. 



MAiiY iND Indun GisiE.— 1, T. Lcchcr. 2 and 3, T. Joint. 



A.vy OTHEE DiBTiN-CT VARIETY— I, Mrs. J. T. Holmes (While Silkies). 2, H. 

 Feast. 3, J. S. White (Black Hamburghs). 



Bantams.— Game —1, T. v. Bice. 2, B.I Payne. 3, N. Baiter. Any other 

 rancfji.-Cup and 3, M. Leno. 2, T. H. Taylor. 



MiKoscis.-l. J. B. W. WilUams. 2. T. D. Littleton. 3. H. J. Lonnon. 



Any VARIETY.-Coci:.-!, .1. H. Nicholls (White Cochin). 2, T. Bice (Brown 

 Red Game). 3, T. H. Walcinian (Dark Brahmas). 



Selhsg Class.— i/fn.i.— I, J. T. Browne (Game). 2, J. H. Nicholls (Dark 

 Brahmas). S.H.Browne (Game). Cock—l.T. H. Waterman (Dark Brahma). 

 2,P. Glanvllle(BlackRedGame). 3. J. Bassett (Spanish). 



Decks.— BoKfji—l, J. T. Browne 2 Miss G. D. TremaYPe. 3, W. H. Copple- 

 stone. Aylesbury— 1, H. Andrew. 2, J. Thomas. 3, S. R. Harris. 



Geese.— 1, R. Nicholls. 2, Mrs. J. Partridge. 



Turkeys.— 1. Hon. Mrs. Tremayne. 2. H. J. Borrow. 



Pigeons.— Can i«i«.—l and 2, K. Burton. Poiiiers.— 1. Mrs. J. T. Holmes. 

 2, J Broad. Earbs.—l, E. Burton. 2, P. H. Jones. Z)ro{7007i3.— 1. Hon. W. 

 Sugden. 2, W. Osmond. Fiin(ai;s.-1. J. L. Smith. 2. J. T. Luversidge. Tnm- 

 o(«rg.— 1, H. Yardley. 2, J. Broad, ^nticfriw.- 1, J. Baen. 2. G. Colson. Any 

 other distinct variety.— I, F. Braund. 2, G. H. Gregory. Selling Class.-l, W. V. 

 Longe. 2, J. Honey. 



JEBSET SHOW OF POULTRY, &c. 



January 12th and 13th. 

 D0EKIKG8.— CocHr.- 1. S-. Le Kiche. jun. 2, R. R. Lempriere. Hen.— 1 and 2, S. 

 Le Riche, jun. Cocfcerel—1 and 2, S.L*^ Eiche, jun. Pullet —1, Major HoweU. 



2. S. Le Riche, jnn. Spanish —Cock or Cockerel.— i , Cup, and 2, P. F. Le Sueur. 

 Hen or Pultet.—l and 2, P. F. Le Sueur. A>nALCsiANS.— Cocfc or Cockerel.— 1, 2^ 



3, Ph. Gallichan. Hen or PuHct.—l and 3, Ph. Galiichon. 2, M. De Ste.-Croix. 

 Cocaivs.- Cinnamon or Z;u#.— Cocfc—]. J. Downing. 2, Ph. Gallichan. Hen. 

 —1, Cup, and 2, Capt. T. S. Kobin. Cockerel.— 1. Ph. Gallichan. 2, Capt. T. S. 

 Robin, pullet.— I imd 2, Ph. Gallichan. .4ny other variety.— Cock or Cockerel. 

 —I, J. A. Carre 2, J Downing. Hen or Pultet.—l. J. A. Carre. 3. J. Downing. 

 BisABXiS.— Light- Cock or Cockercl—l and 2, S. Le Riche, jun. 8, T. F. 

 Upsher. Hen or Pullet— l.S.l.alliche.iuu. 2 and 3, M. De Ste.-Croix. Dark. 

 —Coek.—l and Cup, Ph. F. Le Sueur 2, Ph. Gallichan. hen.— I, Ph. Gallichan. 

 2, Major Howell. Coc/.-crcl.— 1, Ph. F. Le Sueur. 2, Ph. Gallichan. Pullet.— 

 1 and 2, Ph. F. Sueur. French Breeds.— floudans —Cock or Cockerel.—! and 

 2, Capt. T. S. Robin. 3, G De Faye. Hen or Pullet.— \, C. F. Le Feuvre. 2, 

 Capt. T. S. Robin. 3, <S. De Fayc. Any other variety.- Cock or Cockerel.— 

 Cup, P. F. Le Sueur (Cn-ve-Coiur). 2 and 3. G. De Fayc (La Fleche and Creve- 

 Coeur). Hen or Pullet.— 1. 2. and 3. G De Faye (Crevc-Cceurs and La Fleche). 

 BiUBimaBS.-.Spangled.-Cock or Cockerel.— I. J. A. Qzout. 2. F. Poey. 3. C. 

 Nicolle. Hen or Pu((e(.— I, G.De Faye. 2, J. Smith. 3, F. Poey. Pincilled.— 

 Cock or C'^:kerel.—1 and Cup, J. A. Can e. 2, A. V. Noel. 3. J. A. Ozouf. Hen 

 or Pultet.^\ L. Vivier. 2 and 3, H. Mauger Game.— B/acfc and other Reds — 

 Cock oir Cockerel'.— 1 and Cup, J. Voisir. 2. R. R. Lempriere. 3. J. Downinr. 

 Hen or Pullet.— 1, J. Voisin. 2. K. H. Lempriere. 3. J. A. Carre. Any other 

 variety.— Cock or Cockerel.— \f 3. \ois\ri. 2, J. Do^Yning. 3. J. G.Falle. Hen 

 or Pullet.— 1, J. Voisin. 2, .T. Downing. 3, J. A. Cane. SliLAYS.— Cocfc or 

 Cockerel.— 1,3. Smilh. 2, J Downing. S, T. Baudains. Hen or Pullet.— 1, J. 

 Downing. 2 and 3, J. G. Falle. Polish.— Cocfc or Cockerel.— 1 and Cup, A. 

 Gallichan. 2, J. Pmith. 3, J. Ph. De Ste.-Croix. Hen or Piil!e(.—1 and 3, A. 

 Gallichan. 2, S. Le Riche, jun. Any other Variety.- 6'ocfc or Cockerel — 

 1 and 2, J. A. Ozouf. 3, C. F. Le FeuYre. Ben or Pullet.— 1, C. F. Le Feuvre. 

 2, J. A. Ozouf. Selling Class.— Coefc or Cockerel— 1 and 5, P. F. Le Sueur. 

 2. R. K. Lempriere. 3, M. De Ste.-Croix. 4. Ph. Gallichan. 6, T. Grnchy. 

 Hen or Pullet.— 1 and 2. P. F. Le Sueur. 3, i, and 5. Ph. Gallichan. 6, M. De 

 Ste.-Croix. Bant*:ub.— B/acfc and othir Reds.— Cock or Cockerel.— 1 and Cup, 

 J. Corbel. 2, P. F. Le Sueur. Hen or Pu«e(,-1, Ph Gallichan. 2, F. R. Le 

 Brun. Game.— Ami other varicty.—Cock or Cockerel— i, Ph. F. Le Sueur. 

 2, F. R. Le Brun. Hen or Pullet —1 and 2, F. R. Le Brun. Any other variety.— 

 Cock or Cockerel.— 1, W. C. Gray. 2, J. A. Ozouf. Hen er Pudef.- 1, W. C. 

 Gray. 2, J. A. Ozouf. Turkeys.- 1, W. u. Gray. 2,R. Robin. Geese.— 1 and 

 2. Ph. Le Quesne. Ducks.— 1, f h. F. Le Sueur. 2, R. P.. Lempriere. Fancy 

 Birds.— 1 and 2, W. C. Gray (lio'den Pheasants and Peacocks). 



Pigeons.— Point cup, J. "A. Ozouf. Carriers.— 1 and 2. J. A. Ozouf. Pouter.^. 

 — J, J. A. Ozonf. Fantaih—1,3. A. Vzoxif. 2, E. L. Mourant. Barbs.— 1 and 

 2, J. A. Ozouf. rrumijffers.-l. J. A. Ozouf. 2. F. G. Bertram. Dragoons.— 

 1 and 2, J. A. Ozouf. Jueoftiiis.- 1, J. A. Ozouf. 2, A. V.Noel. Antweriis.- 

 1 and 2, J. A. Ozouf Any other vaTiety.—l,3. A. Ozouf. 2, S. Le Fiche, jun. 



CAGE BipDS.— print cup. Ph. Le Long. Belgian Canaries— l,V\i. F. Le Sueur. 

 2, Ph. Le Long. Canaries, any other variety.— 1, Ph. F. Le Sueur. 2. Ph. Le 

 Long. Mules and Enalish Liids.—l, Ph. F. Le Sueur. 2, Miss E. Le Feuvre. 

 Foreign Birds— 1. 3. B'. Ward. 2, Ch. Nicolle. 



Eabbits.— Lojjedrerf.— 1. J. De Jersev. 2, Cb. Hepburn. Himalayan and 

 Silver-Grey.—l, Capt. T. S. Robin. 2, T.De Faye. Any other variety.— 1 and 2, 

 Ph. J. De Carteret. 



CA73—Tortoiseshcll or Tertoiseshelland.white.—l. Mrs. G. Thomas. 2. P. 

 Hill, ra^^i/.— 1, Mrs. Laurendeau 2, J. Anley. Se//-co/our.—l, J. O. Leslie. 

 2, Miss M. Maud. Any other Colour and White.— 1, F. Cavey. 2. J. P. De 

 Ste.-Crols. Long-haired.—l and special, G. De Faye. 2, F. Cavey. 



A STANDARD BAR-FRAME HIVE ! 



It is well known that I do not belong to the bar-frame school 

 of apiarians. A letter of mine written in answer to a corre- 



spondent of this journal, who sought information on and a 

 sketch of what I deem the easiest and beat way of fitting frames 

 in hivci, has been noticed publicly and privately in a way I did 

 not anticipate. One writer has tried publicly to represent me 

 as turning round at last to approve of frames m hives. Let me 

 here say once for all that the time when I shall approve of 

 frames being iixed in hives is very remote indeed. It is not at 

 all likely that they will ever be introduced to my apiary, for tho 

 hives in use here are perfectly satisfactory. I need no other 

 kind of hive, but other bee-keepers do use and seek other kinds 

 of hives, and it is quite natural for them to try to make them 

 as perfect as possible. Improvements are being constantly and 

 diligently sought, and the bar-frame school strongly express a 

 wish to reach the point of finality. 



As things go on at present bee-keeping is rather an expensive 

 luxury Can this be prevented by the introduction of a standard 

 bar-frame hive ? I fear and fancy that the introduction of such 

 a standard hive would be expensively disappointing. Many 

 would buy such a hive believing that the highest exceUence 

 has been reached and embodied in it. Meanwhile the hive 

 merchants, who enjoy a good trade in the line of novelty and 

 improvement, would have something ready to eclipse the stand- 

 ard. The object aimed at professedly is to have bars and frames 

 all of one size, so that they could be easily moved from one hive 

 to another. What width and depth should the standard hive 

 be? is the question presented to bee-keepers. Though I do not 

 use frames at all, I hope our friends will not be ofiended if I 

 snggest that the proposed standard hive should contain 3000 

 cubic inches of space. A hive of less size than this wouJd 

 cripple the productive powers of bees m honey seasons, ihe 

 tinie is not very remote when intelligent apiarians wiU unite in 

 proscribing and condemning the small domiciles so extensively 

 used as hives. The great bulk of the bar-frame hives now m 

 use will be looked on as mere playthings, and not as storehousea 

 for honey. If honey or honeycomb be the thing sought— the 

 sitminiim honum in bea-keeping — the prodnctive or laying 

 powers of queens should guide us in our search for hives of 

 proper sizes. I have read of the large hives of Poland sending 

 off swarms so numerous in bees that they appeared on the wing 

 like a black cloud, shading all beneath them. A swarm last 

 year from Mr. George Campbell's large hive weighed 9.J lbs. 

 before it was hived. A swarm weighing 9.} lbs. would contain 

 nearly 50,000 workers. 



Shape as well as size should be well considered btfore any 

 standard platform be adopted. A hive 20 inches long, 15 inches 

 broad, and 10 inches deep would contain 3000 cubic inches, and 

 be, in my humble opinion, an approach to a model bar-framer. 

 By having the hive longer than broad there would be less Uke- 

 lihood of having brood in the outside combs which would be 

 farthest from the centre of the hive. In square hives the brood 

 reaches the outside combs almost as soon as it does the edges ol 

 the middle combs. If the outside combs are only once used for 

 breeding purposes, no bars of pure honeycomb can be obtained 

 from them ; hence the wisdom of having twelve or fourteen 

 bars in hives instead of ten bars. Mr. Hale of Kediigton, 

 Haverhill, Suflolk, has lately informed me that he is making 

 ten hives of twenty bars in each, and these are to be used as 

 tests in two senses ; First, to ascertain if such hives are better 

 than smaller hives ; and secondly, to give a fair trial of strength 

 to common and Ligurian bees. He means to put five swarms of 

 each sort of bees in these hives and place them side by side in 

 bis garden, allowing all respectable people to visit the garden 

 and see for themselves what an honest effort will do m helping 

 to settle these interesting and important questions. 



It is to be hoped that the season of 1876 will be a favourable 

 one for honey-gathering, and enable Mr. Hale to offer to the 

 bee-keeping community a valuable contribution of results froni 

 the projected experiment. So far as one can see the trial 

 between the Ligurian and common bees will be as fair and com- 

 plete as it is possible to make it ; but in case of the large ticrstts 

 smaller hives the trial will not be so fair and complete, for the 

 swarms will be all of a size the first year. In a contest between 

 large and small hives stocks should be chosen and placed in the 

 arena, five large and five small; and whenever and wherever 

 such a contest comes off in a honey season, the results, over- 

 whelmin» in their nature, will be on the side of the big hives. 

 But why harp on this string so often and so long ? Because this 

 question is of greater importance than any other in bee-keeping, 

 and because it is touched by the question put to the nation— 

 viz.. What shall the size be of the standard bar-framer l 



Very often it is said that large hives are desirable in good 

 localities and undesirable in poor localities for honey. I am 

 unable to see the force of such statements. Strong horses and 

 good cows are better in any locality than worse or weaker 

 animals ; and so large strong hives do far more work in any 

 locality than smaller families of bees. This neighbourhood is 

 not a good one for bees, but if it were much worse than it is 1 

 would still keep large hives. The place for small hives is where 

 no honey can be found at nil : by confiuing bees in small cabins 

 less feeding will be necessary in poverty-stricken localities ; but; 



