March 9, 1876. 1 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



187 



forms of the funnel-shaped tube. The third form is the cup- 

 shaped, which very rarely occurs, aad is a short shallow va- 

 riety of fig. 55. 



Fig. 55. Fipt. 55. 



The Calyx-tube is the character on which the third division 

 is based, and is divided into Calvxtobe conicai. and Calyx- 

 tube FDNNEIj- SHAPED. 



Fig. 57. 



Pig. 58. 



4. The Stamens. — These are the ' little bristle-lika bodies 

 which are found forming a fringe round the inner surface of 



Fig. 59. 



Fig. 60. 



the calyx-tube, and it is on the position they occupy that the 

 fourth character of this system is founded. On examining a 

 number of different varieties of Apples it will be seen that the 

 stamens are not always in the same position. Some will form 

 a fringe immediately under or near the base of the segments, 

 as represented in figs. 5.3, 57, 59, and CO, and these I call 

 marginal. Others occupy a midway position between the 

 margin and the base, as in figs. 55, 5G, 58, and C'2, and these 

 are called median ; and a third are situated near the base, as 

 in figs. 52, 54, and 61, which are termed basal. 



Taking the position of the stamens as my fourth great 

 division we have^l, Stauess ii.iRGiN.iL ; 2, Stamens median; 

 and 3, Stamens basal. 



To prolong the subdivisions even beyond this point to which 

 we have arrived, we can have — 1, Calyx-tube short conical, as 

 in fig. .53, and deep conical as in fig. 52. Then we can have 

 short funnel-shaped, as in fig. 62, and long funnel-shaped as 

 in fig. 58. These may again be further divided into — 1, Fruit 

 round, roundish, or oblate ; and 2, Fruit conical, oblong, or 

 ovate. 



Fig. 62. 



I have already called attention to the changeableness of the 

 characters in some varieties ; how in the cases of the eye and 

 the cells some exhibit them open or closed, or intermediate 

 between the two; also in the interchangeable form of the 

 calyx-tube and the positions of the stamens. In the follow- 

 ing classification I have provided against any confusion arising 

 from this cause, and have given additional references when a 

 variety is to be found in more than one division. For example, 

 in Scarlet Nonpareil the eye is sometimes open and sometimes 



closed, though the calyx-tube is always short fnnnel-shaped, 

 and the stamens marginal. This variety is therefore placed 

 in Class 1, section two {^i), and division one (t) ; but to pro- 

 vide for the case of the eye being closed, it is entered thus — 

 " Scarlet Nonpareil iii., iS^ t." showing that it is also found in 

 Glass iii., section 2, and division 1. 



It is important that perfect specimens of fruit be used when 

 the classification is applied, and especially that the eyes be 

 perfect ; and to observe the calyx-tube correctly the longi- 

 tudinal section should be made directly through the centre. 



CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES. 



Class I.- 



-ETE OPEN (figs. 46 and 48j. 

 49 and 50). 



CELLS OPEN (figs. 



^s GALIX-TUBE CONICAL. 

 f Stamens marginal (figs. 53 

 and 57). 

 + Tube short (fig. 53). 

 ■^ Fruit round, roundish, or 

 oblate. 

 Leyden Pippin 

 Burr Knot, i. §§ t 

 Martin Nonpareil 

 Allen's Everlasting, iii. § t 

 t Tube deep (fig. 57). 



* Fruit round, roundish, or 



oblate. 

 Winter Hawthornden, iii. § | 

 Reinette Blanche d'Espagne 

 No Core 



Haffuer's Gold Reinette 

 Uelluer's Gold Reinette, ii. § t 

 AUen's Everlasting, iii. § f 

 Calville Blanche, in. § t , iii- § 1 1 

 Rymer, i. §§ tt 

 ** Fruit cotiical, oblong, or 

 ovate. 

 Tower of Glammis, i. §§ 1, 



iii. § tt 

 NehonCodlin.iii. § tt,iii.§§ tt 

 If Stamens median 

 I Tube short (fig. 56). 



* Fruit round, roundish, or 



oblate. 

 Blenheim Pippin, i. §§ tt, 



ii. §§ tt 

 Waltham Abbey Seedling 

 Stamford Pippin 

 Rymer, i. § t 



Royal Russet, iii. § tt, iv. § tt 

 Gogar Pippin 

 ** Fruit conical, oblong, or 

 ovate. 

 Loan's Pearmaiu 

 Adams' Fearmain, i. § tft 

 Royal Pearmain 



;j Tube deep. 



* Fruit round, roundish, or 



oblate. 

 BarouWard.i. §§ tt.iii. §§.tt 

 Newtown Spitzenberg 

 Ornament de la Table 

 Reinette de Canada, i. § ttt, 



iii. § ttt 

 Kerry Pippin 

 Embroidered Pippin 

 Ringer 



*" Fruit conical, oblong, or 

 ovate. 

 Grange's Pearmain 

 Emperor Alexander, i. § ttt. 



i-§§ tt 

 Betsey 



Cox's Pomona, ii,'§ tt 

 Lewis' Incomparable 

 Catshead 



Lord Grosvenor, iii. § tt 

 t \ \ Stamens basal (fig. 52). 

 * Fruit round, roundish, or 

 oblate. 



Hambledon Deux Ans 

 Ribston Pippin, iv. §§ tt. ii- 



§§ tt 

 Franklin's Golden Pippin 

 Devonshire Buckland 

 Rymer, i. § ft 

 Lord Derby 



Cellini, i.§§ ttt, ii.§§ tt 

 Striped Beefing 

 Tom Putt, i. §§ ttt 

 Mere de Menage, iii. § ttt 

 Reinette de Canada, i. § tt. 

 iii. § ttt 



* ' Fruit conical, oblong, or 



ovate. 



Emperor Alexander, i. § tt. 



i-§§tt 

 Shepherd's Fame 

 Adams' Pearmain, i. § tt 

 §§ CALYX-TUBE FUNNEL- 

 SHAPED. 

 f Stamens marginal. 

 I Tube short (fig 59.). 



* Fruit round, roundish, or 



oblate. 

 Scarlet Nonpareil, ii §§ t 

 Hughes' Golden Pippin 

 Screveton Golden Pippin, ii. 



§§ t 

 Brickley SeedUng, ii. §§ t 

 Bringewood Pippin 

 Golden Reinette, i. § tt 

 Giddins' Golden Ball 

 Golden Nonpareil 

 Burr Knot, i. § t 

 Greenwood Russet 

 London Pippin, iii. ^^ t, iii §} t 

 ** Fruit conical, oblong, or 

 ovate. 

 Beachamwell, ii. §§ t 

 Lamb Abbey Pearmain, ii. §§ 



tt 

 White Paradise 

 Tulip 



J J Tube long (fig. GO). 



* Frtiit round, roundish, or 



oblate. 

 Northern Sweet 

 Alfristou 

 Gravensteiu 

 Fearu's Pippin 

 Royal Somerset 

 Stamford Pippin, i. § tt. 

 iii. sS^ t 



Golden Noble, iii. §§ t 

 ** Fruit conical, oblong, or 

 ovate. 

 Hubbard's Pearmain, i. ^^ tt, 



iii. §§ t 

 Cockle's Pippin, iii. ^^ \ 

 Tower of Glammis, i. § t> 

 iii. n 

 If Stamens median. 

 + Tube short (fig. 62). 



* Fruit round, roundish, or 



oblate. 

 Cox's Orange Pippin, iii. §5 tt 



