Juno 15, 1876. 1 



JOURNAL OF HOBTIOULTURE AND COTTAGE QARDENBR. 



465 



•vista of lofty trees ; in another direction BaUiersby and Newby 

 ^iharches, each aix miles off ; and towering above the leafy 

 canopy of intervening trees is the spire of the new church 

 already alluded to. On the opposite sido from the house of 

 the terraoe walk there are a series of oval and otherwise plain 

 beds. Every alternate bed is filled with shrub;", mostly varie- 

 gated Hollies, Aucuba?, and Portugal Laurels ; while the inter- 

 yening beds are edged with Ivy, the centre space being filled 

 with massive colours made up of the usual bedding plants. 

 In the other part of the flower garden shrubs have also been 

 freely used. About an equal number of beds are filled with 

 ehrabs and flowers. Acer Negundo, Laburnums, Lilacs, and 

 many of the hardy Heaths are used. This judicious blending 

 of shrubs with the usual bedding plants is worthy of high com- 

 mendation. The garden is furnished all the year round , and in 

 summer there is a sense of repose about it that is not possible 

 in the Brnesels-caipet style of flower beds. And what a saving 

 of labour in the way of bedding plants ! As it is, about forty 

 thousand are used at Studley. 



In the flower garden are a number of Eucalyptus globulus, 

 or Fever Gum Trees. They are planted against a high wall, 

 and all but two have bravely withstood the winter. Those 

 that have suffered most were sheltered with mats, the others 

 that are in good condition being under a tiffany covering. 



The adjoining grounds are very beautifully laid out. Since 

 Mr. Clark took charge their transformation has been complete. 

 Old straggling borders of shrubs have been removed where 

 necessary to allow of other clumps and borders being made 

 more prominent ; a greater expanse of lawn was thus secured, 

 and isolated specimens of coniferous trees have either been 

 planted, or more ordinary plants have been cleared away to 

 allow of their more full development and to show to more 

 advantage their handsome proportions. Some of the clumps 

 of Portugal Laurels and of Box are very large, and there are 

 few more striking objects on a well-kept lawn than a clump of 

 Portugal Laurels sweeping the ground all round with their 

 deep green leaves. 



Most striking objects also are splendidly furnished Cedrus 

 deodaraa quite 50 feet in height, an Abies cephalonica between 

 70 and 80 feet high, a noble Finns exoelsa, and a noticeable 

 Purple Beech. 



In the greenhouse and conservatory there are a collection of 

 miscellaneous plants, that are useful for cut flowers and for 

 furnishing vases and other purposes of room decoration. The 

 Sparmannia africana, introduced about the end of the last 

 century, is found to be very useful for decorative purposes ; 

 and for large vases the Araucaria exoelsa is much prized, 

 associating well with Yucca filameutosa variegata. Some of 

 the more easily grown bat most useful of Heaths for cutting 

 from are also grown. Erica Wilmoreana, E. elegans, and E. me- 

 lanthera amongst them. 



In the tropical department Orchids and other stove plants 

 are well grown. Mr. Clark has all the varieties of Boavardia, 

 which he wisely propagates annually instead of retaining a 

 number of large plants. The cuttings are struck early in the 

 year; and the plants, as soon as they are rooted, are potted 

 into small pots, and are shifted as they require it. Two of the 

 jmost useful sorts are the red-flowered variety named Hogarth 

 and the blush or white-flowered B. Vreelandii. B. jasminiflora 

 is also grown in quantity, and a sort with larger flowers named 

 Bridal Wreath. Amongst stove plants those that are especially 

 useful for cutting are esteemed the most highly. Those gar- 

 deners who have to supply large quantities of flowers for filling 

 vases and plants for room decoration have little time or heart 

 for growing specimen plants ; the time required to tie and 

 train one large specimen must be devoted to growing a hundred 

 ordinary specimens. Among Orchids Dendrobiam speciosum, 

 D. chrysanthum, and the old D. nobile are used for cut flowers. 

 The winter-flowering Calanthes are also grown in quantity : 

 some of the most useful of these are C. Turnerii with pure 

 white flowers, C. Veitchii with red and various shades of rose 

 colour, and C. vestita, the red and yellow-eyed sorts. Of 

 the kitchen and fruit garden I must reserve a few remarks for 

 another opportunity. — J. Douglas. 



Paraffin Oil as a Fektilisee. — A correspondent of the 

 Vumfermline Journal gives the result of experiments on seed 

 with paraffin oil. He says : — My garden is overrun with rats 

 and mice. In consequence, I had always to sow double the 

 quantity of Peas and Beans requisite, and sometimes even had 

 to sow them twice over. This year I put 22 lbs. of Peas and 



C lbs. of Beans into the ground without any manure, pre- 

 viously soaking the seeds for a short time in paraffin oil. Not 

 a single Pea or Bean has been touched, and the crop has been 

 enormous. My crop of Onions has every year been attacked 

 with maggots, and my Turnips with fly. For the last eight 

 years, as soon as the vermin made their appearance, I watered 

 between the rows 2 ozs. of paraflin oil to six gallons of water. 

 Both maggot and fly disappeared, and the crops and quality 

 have always been extremely fine. I believe the seed sprinkled 

 with the oil before sowing, or a certain portion of paraffin 

 poured over dry earth and sown as guano, would answer fully 

 as well, and I am satisfied it is a very powerful manure besides 

 an effectual remedy against grub, wireworm, and all garden 

 pests. Seed sprinkled with the oil is quite safe from all 

 feathered and insect vermin. The proportion of two wine- 

 glassfuls of paraffin oil to six gallons of rain water (imperial 

 measure), is what can be applied to all kinds of green vege- 

 tables without injury. The growth succeeding its application ia 

 something wonderful. 



THE DADDY-LONGLEGS. 



The paragraphists of some of our daily and weekly news- 

 papers have busied themselves of late in chronicling the reanlta 



Fig. 121.— 1, EgR8; 2, Maggots; 3, Maggot cases, protrading thiongh grass; 

 4, Daddy-longlegs (female). 



of what they are pleased to term a plague of insects, displaying 

 occasionally, as we have noticed in the like instances before, a 

 rather amusing lack of entomological and horticultural know- 

 ledge. The insect ravages which have been particularly 

 observed during the present spring in the northern suburbs of 

 London have been produced by our old acquaintance Tipula 

 oleracea, one of the Crane-flies, also familiarly called " daddy- 

 longlegs." 



In the London Fields, Hackney, and in other grassy spots 

 which serve to refresh the eye of the cockney stroller, and in 

 the lawns also of suburban residents, who keep them strictly 

 for their own delectation, these "turfites" have appeared with 

 equal coolness, making their presence too manifest by the 

 parched or bare aspect of the ground. Manifest ? Yes ; but 

 when the greater part of the mischief is done, since it is not 

 usually until the larva are nearly full-grown that the attention 

 of the gardener is drawn to their proceedings, unless sods of 

 turf happen to be cut into. This is done perhaps, and to the 

 astonishment of the operator a host of small, wriggling, legless 

 larvje roll about, evidently reluctant to quit their mother earth. 

 In the lately-recorded instances unearthing was not needed, for 

 the larv£e showed themselves through the ground, rendered 

 friable by their exertion and the effects of the biting winds of 

 May. Some of the larva; possibly quitted their abodes in the 

 hope of reaching " fresh fields and pastures new," though they 

 were hardly likely to succeed in their endeavours. Continental 

 naturalists have given strange accounts of migrations under- 

 taken by larva; of some one or other of the species of Tipula, the 

 phenomenon being witnessed as far back as 1603 by Schweni- 



