Juno £9, 1370 I 



JOURNAL OF HOKTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENKU. 



510 



effect whatever, and the system may be expected to work well 

 with such ; but in any case the greatest dant^er is that the atten- 

 tion of a judge may be drawn away from the main point — viz., 

 the quality of the birds; mistakes will be the consequence. In 

 the present case the awards were made before referring to the 

 names. 



Spanish head the list with the Thome winners in the same 

 position, these being two pens such as have not been surpassed 

 of late years. Dorkings, White a good class, and the winners 

 large. Dorkings Dark good, but the best pen lost, as the cock's 

 comb laid quite flat on bis face. Cochins Buff, the winners 

 splendid, as also the first-prize Whites ; the second (Partridge) 

 a nice pair. Brahmns. — Darks won both prizes. A fair class. 

 Red Game pairs first; Brown Reds, which we think we have 

 Been further south, good in all points, second. Black Reds a 

 good pair, the hen very gamey in shape. Game, any other, 

 winners (Duckwings) of fair quality. The Otley cup-winner, 

 which outdistanced all others, was sent siugly by mistake. 

 Single cock first Brown Red, we believe the Morpeth cup- 

 winner ; second Black, good but rather large ; very highly com- 

 mended a Black Red stag, by far the best, but out of feather. 

 Ilamhurghs good classes, and the Gold-spangles a close one. 

 Most of the Silver-spangles also noticed, and very good. Many 

 of the Gold pencilled hens were much faded, but as a rule the 

 cocks were in good order. Siver-pencilled winners very good, 

 but the rest only poor. French. — First a large good pair of 

 Houdans ; second and third Groves. PoZis/t.— First Gold and 

 second Silvers. Game Bantams a large class. First a pair of 

 Black Red, almost faultless ; second Black Reds, also good and 

 smaller, but hen not equal to first. Variety of Bantams Blacks 

 won, and these were very good. In Bantam cocks first was a 

 real good Black Red, small and in nice bloom ; second a Brown 

 Red, good in eye and colour. Extra class. — First Black Ham- 

 burghs, the best ever yet seen ; second very good Malays, but 

 falling a little out of feather. Soiling class. — First Spanish and 

 second Buff Cochins, both very good pens in every respect, and 

 cheap. Unfortunately several pens were empty, as we often find 

 the case at this time of year, when birds are changing their 

 plumage. 



Some of the classes of Pigeons were weak, while others were 

 well filled ; most of them being in pairs had no doubt an effect 

 on the entries. Carriers (cocks) a fair lot. First a Black, very 

 good in beak and eye-wattle; second Dun, also good; third a 

 Dun. Hens. — First a Black, a new come out, and very good in 

 all respects ; second and third also Black. Pouter cocks. — First 

 and second Blues, and third White, all good birds. Hens. — First 

 Black, in nice trim ; second and third Blue. Almond Tumblers 

 (Short-faces) only one pair. Long-faces poor; in fact, we never 

 yet could appreciate the Long-faced Almond. Any other, first 

 Agate, and second Bald. Barbs a large class ; first a grand 

 Yellow hen, second and third Blacks, and well placed. Foreign 

 Owls were very good, and all Whites. English 0»ls. — First a 

 capital Blue, second a well-known Silver, and third a Silver, a 

 little coarse. Trumpeters, all English. Dragoons had two 

 classes. Blue winning in the first and Tellows in the second. 

 Jacobins were very good in both classes, the Bed or Yellow a 

 large entry. First in the latter class a grand pair of Reds. Any 

 other were — first Whites and second Blacks. Antwerps were 

 three good classes ; the Short and Medium-faced were very 

 good. A Flying class was provided on a capital system, the 

 first bird doing his seventy-five miles in 11.5 minutes, second in 

 117 minutes, and third in 13.5 minutes. 



Babbits had but two classes, the first and plate going to a 

 Black-and-white doe in Lops, 22 by 45 ; the Eecond a Sooty Fawn 

 doe, 22J by dj, not in as good condition ; third a Black-and- 

 white doe, 21 by-l?. In the Variety class a good Silver-Grey 

 was first, Hymalayan second, and Belgian Hare third. 



POULTRY.— SPASian.-I.H. Beldon. 2,J. Thresh. vhc.B. Dale. Doekings. 

 — Whitp.—l and 2. T. Morlitt. Ann other colour —1. C. Widaa. 2, A. Jackson. 

 CocniNB.— Cinnavwn or Bug.— I and 8, G. H. Proctor. Any other variety. —}, 



0. H. Procter. 2, B. Mariiliall. Bbabmi PooTEiS.— I, G. B. BbJI. 2. N. P., R. 

 Moor GajjE.— Blact, Brown, or Med.—l, fl. Veuab'ea. 2. W. H. Oliver, vhc, 

 C. E. Moryan. Any other variety.— i, G. Ilolmca. 2, T. Potta. Any variety.— 

 Cock —], G. Holmea. 2, J. Nelson, vhc, C. E. Morgan HaMBurqhs.— 

 Golden-spanelecl.—l.a.U'Amfs. 2 and u/ic. H. Beldon. Silver-iiiangled—}, 

 H. Beldun. 2. J. Ashwortb. GoMcn-jjniciUprf.— 1, H. Beldon. 2, T. & G. Kid- 

 9on. Sliver pencilled -l^nii, a. HtlHon. FarKCH.— 1,J M. D Smith. 2. B. 

 Myers. Polish. -1. H. Beldon. 2, A. 4 W H. Silvester. BiNTiJis.-rJamc— 



1. W. K. Entwisl3. 2. J. Nelson. Any vnriely nt Sanw.-l. R. U. Ashton. 2. 

 O.Holmes i-ftc. J. Peacock. Any variety —Cock.-l and vhc, 1. Dilion. 2, 

 W. F. EntiviBle. Aky other ViBiEll.— 1 and vhr, H. Beldon 2, R. Uaivkina 

 (Malaj). SELLING Cuss.— 1,. I. Powpll. 2, Mii-s Cotes ( Huff Cochins). 



PIGEONS.— c«nRiEKS.—Coc<t.— I, H. Ys'dley. 2. H. A. Ayrton. 3, G. Fur- 

 lonp. fl»?7!.— 1, H. Yardley. 2, W. (1. Harrison. 3. T. G. Taylor. Pohtfrs- 

 CocA —1 and 2, R. Blacklock. 3, G Holmes Hcn.-l and 2. B. Blacklook. 3, 

 T. O. Taylor. T'-jiblees.— SftOT(-/acfti Almond.-Cork or Hen.—\, U. Yardley. 

 Long faced Almond.— Code or Hen. -I, J. Davison. 2, T. C Tav'or- 3, J. Pear- 

 son. Any other variety.— Cock or Ben— 1. U. Yardiey. 2. R. Woods. BAass. 

 —cock or Hen.—l, H. Yardley. 2. J. Thresh. 3 W. Bulmer. OY,i.ii.— Foreign 

 —Cock or llen.-l. 2, and 3, G. Anderson. Englith.-Cockor Ben.—l, J. Thresh. 



2. B. Woods. 8, J. Younir. TErMp.TEE^.— 1 and 2 F. S. Barnard. 3, W. G. 

 Dnck. DaAGfiona— Blue or. Silver.— l.R. Woods. 2 W Smith 3. H. Jennings. 

 vlic, W. G. Harri-on. Any other variety.— \, w. c. Moody. 2 ana 3, K. Woods. 

 JiOOBiNs.-iJfrf or re!/oir.—l,G.AIderson. 2. H. H. Cochrane. 3, J Davison. 

 Any other variety.— 1, J. Young 2. T. 8. Stephenson. Fantails.- 1. C F. 

 Cockhill. 2 and 3. J F. Loversidge. Nuns —1. R. Woods. 2 and S. J. Young. 

 ToEBlTa.- iieii or relloie.—l and 3, G H. Pickering. 2, T. S. Stephenson. Any 

 otlicr variety.— 1,0. Miersoa. 2, J. Davison. Antwebps.— Sftor^/iiccrf.- 1 and 



2, W. F. F-ntwislo. S, H. Yardley. Long-faced.— I and 2, H. Jennings. 3, J. 

 Kaper. Medinm-faced.—\ and 2. W. F. Entwisle. 8, H. Jennings. Selliho 

 Class. -Price not to exceed 5(J8.— 1. C. F. Coobill. 2, W. Cbappelow. 8, P. D. 

 Henderson. Price not tii exceed 308.— I, A. Graham. 2, P. D. Henderson. 3, 

 J.Muokell. Flymo -Lricat r7ta88.—t. T. Richardson. 2. J. Aoon. 



KAIiBlTS— Lop-EABRD.— fiiic/e orDoe.— 1, J. S. Robinson. 2, M. Borradale. 

 Any otusb VAiu£T!f.— iiucfc or Doe.— I, A. Hudson. 2, W. Bolmer. 3, J. 8. 

 Robinson. 



Judges. — Mr. E. Hatton and Mr. S. Hawley. 



MORTALITY OP CANARIES WHEN WEANED— 

 CAUSE AND EFFECT. 



In reply to Mr. G. Andrews, I may remark the causes of death 

 occurring may, even to the most experienced, appear at times 

 unaccountable. 



Without possessing any further knowledge of the birds than 

 the letter conveys is like feeling one's way in the dark to attempt 

 to arrive at any direct cause as to the deaths of the Canaries. 

 No doubt they have all met with their deaths with one com- 

 plaint, for in speaking of the birds it is stated they appear 

 " stupid," and " go off in a fit and die." In the first place, I 

 may ask, Was the rapeseed supplied to the birds of the large 

 black hind, and given to them in the crushed state without the 

 seed having been previously thoroughly scalded ? If so, the 

 diet was far too powerful for old, let alone young birds. The 

 spasmodic attacks suggest that food of some kind has been 

 administered which disagreed with the internal organs. 



Young birds require food of a simple kind, otherwise the 

 system becomes injured. In some cases the constitution is 

 better able to battle with unfit food than in others. It does not 

 follow that because some of the same rapeseed has been given 

 to the old birds to feed their young with daily that it should 

 likewise be given to the young broods when they are able to 

 feed themselves, for it must be understood that the food after 

 becoming macerated in tbe crops of the old birds is prepared 

 for their offspring, which is not the case when the young have 

 to eat tbe food in its natural state. The same remarks apply to 

 green food, the various constituents of some of wliich may be 

 comparatively harmless when supplied to the young from the 

 parent's crops than when partaken of in its crude state by young 

 birds able to feed themselves. 



The young broods when weaned from the old birds would be 

 better placed in a cage entirely away, otherwise fretfulness is 

 encouraged, which it is well to avoid. A wire partition will do 

 for a day or so when the young are first separated, so that the 

 old birds can feed them through the wires. Another advantage 

 accrues from removing the birds from the locality of the breed- 

 ing place. It is we'l known by many breeders that vermin, 

 especially at this period of the season, increases beyond all cal- 

 culation, and finds means of tustenance by robbing and sucking 

 from their victims the blood that should assist in keeping the 

 birds vigorous; and this, too, being done mainly at roosting 

 time, likewise prevents the birds having their proper rest. The 

 effect is a weakness and a less liability to stand either a rich or 

 generous diet, or any food likely at all to disorganise their bowels 

 and bring on the dire complaint known as the "swelling." 



Fits of convulsion when occurring to birds may be treated by 

 holding the birds in a warm bath up to the neck, when after 

 giving a drop of castor oil the patients may be placed before the 

 fire to gradually dry. The bread-and-milk diet, with a little 

 liquorice in the water, may be given for a couple of days after, 

 or continued even longer if the birds do not quickly recover. 



My course of treatment when caging-off young birds is to 

 give them at first chopped egg and bun crumbs, with a little bis- 

 cuit powder to the same. When the young are about a month 

 old I introduce well sifted Canary seed in the cage in a separate 

 pot or tin, with the view of giving the birds a knowledge and 

 opportunity of finding out what the seed is for, and chafing 

 their beaks to the same by the time they may require the seed. 

 Generally at about the age of six weeks old the young Canaries 

 begin to shell the seed, and at that time the proportion of soft 

 food may be gradually diminished until the seed at length takes 

 the place of the egg and bun. After my young birds have left 

 their parents I discontinue all green food until they have passed 

 through the moult and their constitutions have become some- 

 what established. I then introduce a little hempseed through- 

 out the winter, wilh occasional changes of miUet, linseed, 

 groats, crushed biscuit, and German rape (scalded). This treat- 

 ment, with plenty of grit sand, a little salt, which is a good 

 blond purifier, with an occasional bath, keeping the birds free 

 from draughts, tend to keep my birds pretty well iu health. — 

 Geo J. Barnesby. 



ARTIFICIAL SWARM. 

 Among my surviving stocks of bees there was one so feeble 

 that I had left it to its fate as not worthy of attention. How- 

 ever, the other day observiog a few bees still going in and out 

 with pollen, I thought I would examine it. The hive itself is a 

 bar-framed hive with hollow sides — a " Crystal Palace Wood- 

 bury " — which I had teen anxious to try. A little smoke blown 



