182 



JOURNAL OF HORTICCLTUKE AND COTTAGE GAEDENER. 



I Febrnai7 2G, 1874. 



cnlateJ at 40°, the mean of its winter months (and in all 

 countries it wonld be safe to take tbe mean of the coldest 

 mouths of the year as that of the external air) ; but for the 

 successful cultivation of plants and fruits it is not good policy 

 to attempt such cheeseparing, and I therefore advise for this 

 country the external air to be reckoned at 32% and determine 

 the feet of heating surface at 200' by Hood's rule, for the 

 piping found by it, though entailing a somewhat greater first 

 cost, wonld be infinitely better for the plants (the surface seldom 

 needing to be heated over 160° to give the required tempera- 

 ture within the structure), and the saving effected in fuel after- 

 wards would more than balance any claim for interest on 

 extra first cost or outlay in pipes. — G. Abbey. 



THE KOSE GRUB. 



A TRiENDhas written for information, asking a question that 

 must occur to many, so I have thought it best to answer it 

 through the pages of the Journal. It is this— speaking of 

 budding Roses — " How about buds that show a hole through 

 them, after separation from the wood — should they be used?" 

 Most certainly not, even if it is the only bud of the sort you 

 have. Throw it away, it will not grow. The hole is caused 

 by " the worm i' the bud." The larva of a little lepidupterous 

 insect belonging to the Tortricidn^, a Spilouata — probably 

 roborana, tripunctana, or rosfecolana — vulgarly the grub of 

 a little moth called the Long Cloak. I do not quite know 

 whether its metamorphosis is thoroughly known, but certain it 

 is the ova or egg is laid in May, June, and July on the tip of 

 the bud, and the larva hatching, bores down into it, eating its 

 way through. Some of the larva; feed-on rapidly, and success- 

 fully pass from larva to pupa, and from pupa to imago, or the 

 perfect moth state, the same summer, while others hybernate 

 . — perhaps from the eggs of the late-hatched moths, but this I 

 am not certain about. The hand of God is too great in His 

 work for me to say what is in the provisions of Nature ! it is 

 enough for me to hear with my ears, and to see with my eyes ; 

 but to say the larva; that hybernate are only from the late- 

 hatched images, or a second brood, is too much for my poor 

 philosophy. I know not His manifold ways. 



" I know not what I am, but ODiy know 

 I have had visions tongue may never speak." 



But I am wandering- 

 His works. 



-am losing myself in the love I feel for 



" As I feel and wonder, listen, 

 Listen in a dream." 



For all the time the grub in question may be another species' 

 and even genus, than the above-mentioned, as I find the perfect 

 form of another Rose-feeder, Anthitbesia ochroleucana, is by 

 no means rare in my garden, and the larva state of which, I 

 believe, has not yet been described. 



Well, I was going to say some of these larvse (grubs) hatch 

 in June and July, bore through the heart of the bud down into 

 the pith of the wood, and there hybernate through the winter, 

 ready to commence operations in the spring, and to eat out 

 the heart of shoot after shoot, much to the annoyance and 

 disgust of the Rose lover and grower. 



It often happens, after cutting a bud and separating the 

 shield from the wood, that a small pin-hole is to be seen clean 

 through the bud nicely but thinly lined with a silken web, 

 and on inspecting the shoot from which the bud was cut you 

 will, perhaps, find you have cut through a vei-y small brown 

 larva with a bright black head; if not, cut further and deeper 

 into the wood, so long as you can follow up the hole, and then 

 you will find the little wretch (Rose-grower now) snugly en- 

 sconced. I always give them a dig with the point of my bud- 

 ding-knife. Rose-grower still, although lover of nature; but 

 somehow my love for the Rose is too great for my love of 

 nature generally, and I find I cannot keep to the good old 

 " live and let live " in this case. — W. Fareem. 



THE PATENT GLASS-CUTTEK. 

 T.^KiNG advantage of the many valuable hints that appear 

 frcm time to time in this Journal, I have built a small green- 

 house, It feet by 9 feet, span- roofed, and being only a labouring 

 man have had to do the whole of the brick-setting, joinery, 

 painting, and glazing myself, and under the peculiar circum- 

 stances in which I obtained the glass it was necessary that the 

 whole of it should be cut 8 inches by G inches. To purchase 

 a diamond would have been a serious financial consideration, 



my means being somewhat crippled by my already large expen- 

 diture ; but on receiving my copy of the Journal my heart leapt 

 when I read your paragraph on Messrs. Dick Radclyffe's Patent 

 Glass-cutter. I took advantage of what I considered my good 

 fortune and wrote for one, and obtained it immediately. It 

 served my purpose beyond my expectations, but, in consequence 

 of the great amount of work it had to do, it confirmed your 

 misgivings about its durabihty, and became duU and required 

 resetting ; and confiding in your statement, " that you under- 

 stood it could be reset for 6d.," I returned it to Messrs. 

 Radclyffe with the required number of stamps. It was re- 

 turned with a note that " it is so cheap that resetting is out 

 of the question." 



I should not have troubled you had it not been, that, feel- 

 ing satisfied there was some misunderstanding somewhere, I 

 thought it advisable to inform you of the circumstance. I do 

 not wish to find fault with the useful little instrument, because 

 for ordinary purposes it is a marvel of cheapness. — T. Nobton^ 

 Leeds. 



[When we said the cutter can be " made equal to new for 

 6d." we quoted from Messrs. Radclyffe's communication. — 



Eds.] 



THE KITCHEN GAEDEN.— No. 6. 



I NOW come to the formation of the garden, and wish first to 

 direct attention to the importance of securing a proper starting 

 point, so that the course of the walls will be true to the difierent 

 aspects required. 



Now, whatever shape a garden is intended to take, we should 

 first find out the direction of the four cardinal points, and 

 mark their positions, so that they may be easily referred to if 

 needed in any subsequent operations. Generally there ara 

 surrounding objects indicating with suflicient exactness one or 



more of the points sought, and from which a line may b& 

 traced out to serve as a starting point, but in the absence of 

 any such guide the next method, and perhaps the most reUable 

 one, is to first find out the meridian lino. This may be done 

 by iixing a long straight pole or stake quite perpendicular in 

 the ground, as near as possible to the spot about to be enclosed. 

 At midday thid pole will throw a shadow, whose length will be 

 in fair proportion to the height of the pole. This line will of 

 course point towards the north, and at the extremity of it 

 another mark should be fixed, which will give the direction of 

 the wall that is to run from south to north. Or, presuming 

 that the garden is to be in the form of a square or any other 

 regular-sided figure, and that the operator is standing on the 

 right-hand side, this line would indicate the course of the 

 east waU ; and it may be extended to the length required if 



