312 



JOUENAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ AprU IC, 1874. 



situation. I have now planted both out of doors, and shall 

 be able to judge them. It is a capital grower, and in the way 

 of M. Boncenue. If it blooms freely — it is a very full Rose of 

 fine dark lakish red — it will hold the place "D., Deal," 

 assigned it. It is a colour we want. Louis Van Houtte is 

 beautiful, but wants a little more fulness ; I have thirteen 

 beautiful plants of it on the seedling Briar. Edward Morren, 

 seventy-six plants, is a Rose here far better than Jules Mar- 

 gottin its parent. It is a famous grower, and hardy as iron. 

 Mr. Cant calls it a " beautiful Rose," and so do I, and so do 

 the ladies ! Countess of Oxford is a fine Rose, and I hope 

 it is hardy (?) Marquise de Castellane is a noble Rose, but it 

 does not grow strongly enough for my windy situation. Out 

 of twelve plants in two years I have never seen but one noble 

 specimen. Ferdinand de Lesseps is here, and go^d ; it is much 

 Liie Maurice Bernardin. Secondly, Roses seeu^fetienne Levet, 

 seven plants are only just come. I have never yet seen any 

 of its blooms. Madame G. Schwartz I saw at Blandford ; it is 

 a nice Rose ; I have bought seven plants of it ; it is a good 

 grower. Abbu Bramerel is a beautiful dark shaded crimson 

 Rose, rather flat, suitable for bedding and ornament. I bought 

 thirteen plants of it, but have not yet flowered it myself ; the 

 plants are nice and stiff, just suited for a bedder. Madame 

 Hyppolyte Jamain (grown here) is a nice Tea Rose. Franijois 

 Michelon is a good grower ; the wood is slight ; it will make a 

 trellis Rose ; I have never seen its blooms. Mr. Bennett sent 

 his young man here with a promising seedling for me to see, 

 and he said Francois Michelon was splendid. I have received 

 this morning three beautiful blooms of one Rose, unexpanded, 

 from Mr. Veitch. No name was sent. It is the best seedling 

 (I suppose) that I have seen for some years. There are two 

 very nice Roses of a light colour here, Thyra Hammerick and 

 Clumence Raoux ; the latter is very beautiful. It is the best 

 autumnal substitute for Madeleine. This is all I can say of 

 the election Roses. — W. F. R,idclyffe. 



HEATING. 



Absence from home prevented my seeiug Mr. Abbey's com- 

 munication in the Journal of the '26th March till nearly a 

 fortnight after its appearance. I will now confine myself to 

 answering so much of it as is necessary to prevent error in the 

 apphcation of the formula for calculating the length of pipe 

 required, which I gave at page 167 of the present year. 



It will not do to take, as Mr. Abbey has done, only an 

 average external temperature (he puts it so high as 40°), and 

 at the same time assume a minimum length of pipe to be 

 heated to 200'. This would obviously allow no margin for 

 extra heat when the temperature outside falls below 40°. The 

 proper method to ensure more safety is to take for outside 

 temperature the extreme lowest that can ever occur, which in 

 England must be assumed as zero. In such cases a gardener 

 would, however, probably be content if his stove should not fall 

 below 50" — which is 10 ' under what Mr. Abbey supposes — and he 

 would also make every effort to maintain the fires bright and 

 strong throughout the night. Still I imagine he could hardly 

 expect more than that the water in the pipes, taking an average 

 of flow and return, should stand at 160° towards morning, 

 which is just the time when the greatest cold occurs. This 

 state of facts would give the value of D as 55°, and of d as 105° 



in the f ormula ^j = -j^-^ . Applying these values to Mr. Abbey's 

 stove, where .9 is 1188, we obtain the length of pips required 

 as 450 feet. This is 100 feet less than Mr. Abbey possesses, 

 but 100 feet extra above the bare minimum that would suflice 

 is not too much. Let us, however, take not the possible ex- 

 tremes but the ordinary winter temperatures that have to be 

 provided for by ordinary firing. We must expect many nights 

 to fall below 15' in the open air, and to keep the internal tem- 

 perature at 65° makes D = 50°. To yield a pleasant genial heat 

 the temperature of the pipes ought never to exceed 150°, which 

 will make rf = 85°. To meet these requirements in Mr. Abbey's 

 stove the length of pipe would, by the formula, be 51.'5 feet. 

 This is within 40 feet of what Mr. Abbey actually has, and the 

 difference would probably be reijuired if we made a sufficient 

 allowance for the wall surfaces in addition to the glass super- 

 ficies. Thus a builder employing the formula would introduce 

 as nearly as possible the extent of pipe which practice has 

 shown to be desirable. 



Let me add that it would be interesting and instructive if 

 some of your readers would give the result of their experience 

 in regard to the amount of coal required for the boilers under 



their charge to maintain a given heat in a glass structure,, 

 comparing it with the amount which ought to suffice (as shown 

 at page 166) for the extent of glass heated. But in doing so 

 they must be careful to take the average temperature, external 

 and internal, during the hours when the heat is maintained by 

 the fire alone, for no results could be arrived at when the 

 variable heat of the sun is allowed to have influence on the 

 averages. — J. Boyd Kinxeah, Guernseij. 



NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 



We have received a schedule of prizes to be awarded at 

 the forthcoming Show of the Borton-on-Trent Floral and 

 Horticultural Society. First in the prize list we observe 

 extra awards of £15, £10, and £5 for stove and greenhouse 

 plants, which there is reason to believe will bring into the rank 

 of competitors exhibitors well known to the principal shows. 

 We commend the Committee for their liberality and enter- 

 prising spirit, and hope that their highest anticipations wiU 

 be realised. 



There is now in a house in the garden of the Royal 



Horticultural Society at Chisvrick, a coUeetion of 160 varieties 

 of Plums, growing in pots, in full bloom. There is every 

 appearance that there will be a good crop of fruit, and for the 

 first time for many years an opportunity will be afforded of 

 making jvaluable comparative observations on the many va- 

 rieties of this valuable fruit. 



SoiiE members of the swallow family — the house 



martin (Hirundo urbica) — were seen at Crewkerne on the 5th, 

 and it is said that they have been in the neighbourhood for 

 more than a week. Tlie swallow proper (Hirundo rustica) is 

 "due" about three days later than the martin, while the 

 swift, another of the same tribe, is the last to arrive, being 

 generally seen about the same time as the welcome notes of 

 the cuckoo are heard in Wilts — the 14th or 15th of April. 

 However adverse the weather, these birds come and go with 

 the seasons, and perform the task given them to do with the 

 same regularity as the moon performs her revolution round 

 the earth. 



The decrease in the imtortation of Potatoes has 



been remarkable. In the last three months the declared value 

 was £342,827, and in the same period of the preceding year, 

 £1,036,384. This arises chiefly from the Potatoes having 

 vegetated so as to be unfit for table-use. 



PLANTING A CEMETERY. 

 The formation of cemeteries near towns is one of the most 

 remarkable signs of the social progress of the day. The 

 graphic pen of Dickens long ago powerfully depicted the ap- 

 pearance of those horrid enclosures, the graveyards of our 

 towns, the bare, dismal, forlorn aspect of which is more in 

 keeping with that of the sepulchre of an Australian savage 

 than of one belonging to a Christian community. We inscribe 

 "Kesurgam" upon our tombs, and profess the strongest faith 

 in a glorious and blissful life beyond the grave, and yet every 

 feature as well as association of those graves was, and is now 

 in many instances, symbolical of solitude, desolation, and 

 death, rather than the brightness and fulness of the Christian's 

 hope. Nor was this confined solely to the places of burial in 

 towns. It is true that the play of sunshine and pure air over 

 the village churchyard will impart a certain brightness and 

 freshness that is inseparable from all rural scenery ; but even 

 now it is rare indeed to see a churchyard that at all ap- 

 proaches one's conception of what " God's acre " should be. 

 Gray's Unes — 



" Beneath that Yew tree's shade, 



Where heaves the turf in many a raoulderiug heap. 



Each in his narrow cell for ever laid, 



The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep," 



though not altogether truthful, serve to convey a tolerably- 

 clear idea of the scene, which is rendered complete by the ad- 

 dition of a few quaint old tombstones, moss-grown and grey, 

 leaning in picturesque contrast to the bold white slabs of a 

 later date. Thus, then, a solitary Tew tree or two, sombre and 

 mournful-looking, were usually the highest effort of our fore- 

 fathers in churchyard decorative art ; and perhaps it is as 

 well that it was so restricted, for the work affords the fullest 

 scope for the exercise of a more refined and cultivated taste. 



Neatness is the first, because it is the most desirable principle 

 that I would wish to see more generally enforced in church- 



