May 14, 187J. ] 



JOURNAL OF HOKTICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



895 



the second being also Black but younfter, the third a handsome 

 yearling Dim cuck. The Blaek cock in pen 231 must have had 

 the beak-ache, for he could not be induced to close hia beak. 

 Pouters were a good class, the first and third being Blues, and 

 second Wliites. Jacobins were first, second Redd, and third 

 Black, all boing good. In Fantails only the first was of high 

 character, but size, carriage, and tail were perfect in this. 

 Turbits were only moderate. Magpies were a nice class, the 

 birds being small and well-marked. A Red was first, Yellow 

 second, and Black third. In Barbs the first was a Dun, second 

 Black, and third Red, the whole class being noteworthy. For 

 Antwerps there wa5 but one class. Short-faces winning first 

 and second, and Long third ; the first a Dun, very short, with 

 pearl eyes, and second also very short with red eyes. Dragoons 

 were a very good class, and most were noticed ; the first, a 

 Blue cock, 'second Yellow, and third Silver. Some standard 

 birds were shown in the Variety class, a foreign Trumpeter 

 taking first, second a barred Swallow, and third to a pigmy 

 Pouter hen. 



Cage Birch were fair in numbers, but the day being cold the 

 Belgian Canaries did not show to advantage, although a second 

 prize in the first, and a first prize in the following class were 

 awarded to that variety. The other winners were Norwich of the 

 Derby type. In Canaries, Green or Variegated, the otherwise 

 best-marked bird shown by Mr. Luke Belk was disqualified for a 

 trimmed wing, although the same exhibitor was second in that 

 class with a capital Buff-marked Yorkshire bird, the first going 

 to a sound-coloured Green. Goldfinches and Linnets were as 

 usual very good, especially the latter, which we seldom see ex- 

 celled at any show. In the Variety class the first was a capital 

 Cinnamon hen, second a Paroquet, and third a Grey Parrot. 



Babbits ware moderate in number. The first in Lops, aFawn- 

 and-white doe, had ears 22 inches by 4J inches; those of the 

 second, a Sooty Fawn buck, being 21 by 4i inches. In the next 

 class, all varieties except Lops were thrown together, the first 

 being a Silver-Grey of the right style of colour and shade, and 

 second a perfectly-marked Tortoiseshell Dutch buck, many 

 others receiving high commendations. 



We are sorry to say that most of Mr. Spsncer's pens were 

 empty when the birds were judged. 



Game.— E^rtcfc-6re(W(f(i and other Reds.— Cock.— C\ip and 1, J. Fletcher, Stone- 

 clou^ih. Manchester. 2. Sales & Bentley, Crowlfl vhc and c, C. Chaloner, 

 VVtiitwoll. CbeaterHeld. he. J. Fletcher:" H. K Martin, Fakenham. Hen.—]., 

 Sales & Bftntley. ■!, H. E. Martin, vhc, J. F. Walton. Ra wtenatall, Manchester, 

 ^ic. S. A W. Sheard, .Vormanton ; J.Fletcher: J. «. Hapworth, Hatfield. 



Game.— .ifiy other variety.— Cock,— \, .1. F. Waltjn. 2, F. Stamord, Don- 

 caster, /ic, J, Andrew, Wcrcestpr; E. WiQWood. Worcester; .T. WriiZht. Ret- 

 iford. Hen—\, 0. Travis. Thnr^oland, Sh'lBild. 3. .1. A. & H. H. Staveley, 

 Selthorpe, Driffield, lie, 3. F. Walton : Sales i: Bentley. 



DoRKtNQS.— 1, R, CheesQian. Westwell, ^shford. 2, S. Brierley, EndinsJ, 

 Kochdiile. tifec, W. Morfitt, Qoole. c, W. H. Youn:,'. Driffield : W. Rob. jnn. 



Spanish —1, R. Newbitt, Ep worth. 2, W. Nottage. Northampton, he, Mrs. E. 

 Allsopp. Worcester: .J. Powell, Bradford. 



BRAUiiAS.— Li(7/i( or Ddi-t.- 1 and he, W. H. Crabtree, Manchester. 2, J. F. 

 Smith, Sheffleld. c, G. W. Hibbert, Hyde. Manchester; J. Watts, Birming- 

 iiam : J. Holmes, Chesterfield. 



CocniNS.- 1, J. White. Netherton. WakefieM. 2, S. R. Harris, St. Day. vhc, 

 Mrs. E. Allsopp. he, W. Whitworth. inn , .Manchester ; W. H. Crabtree, jun. ; 

 W. A. Barnell, Soiuhwall ; G. F. Bentley, Cambridge, 



HAMBUBfiin.— Gi)M or Sitver-spangted.—l, H. Beldoa, Bingley. 2. P. Hannon, 

 Stonnhjuse. tf. .1. Ward, Ashby-deda Zoach : Mrs. C. Newton, Epworth. Gold 

 or Silver.if.neiUed.—l, H. Beldon. 2, E. Walton, Rawtenstall, Manchester. 

 he, R. Newbrtt. c, .J. Smith, Lincoln. 



PoLisH.—Cunandl, H. Beldon. 2, A. &W. H. Silvester, Sheffield, /ic, G. W. 

 Boothby, Louth. 



ANif OTHER VARlExr.— 1. J. F. Walton (White Malay). 2, H. Bel.ton. he, W. 

 ■Wnit\v irth. )Un. (Hon lans); Mrs. Cross. Brigi,' |Oreye-CtEur) ; W. Harvey. 



Anv Variety except QMiF,.—Cock.—l, H. Beldon. 2. H. Walton, h"., W. A. 

 Buroell; J. Jackson, rnxford. Hf/i.—l. J. Powell. 2, E. Walton. u'lC, Wells 

 and Taylor, Winterton ; Mrs. R. Newbitt: H. Beldon. 



Game BA^iTkm.—Black-breaated and other il'-tia.-l, W. G. Waters, Elsham, 

 Brigi?. 2. Hon. Mrs- Paget, Hoxne, Scole. tic, H. Dackerinir, Kirkton-Lindsey ; 

 C. Heppenstall. Newark, c, E. Walton Ant/ other Variety —I, .i . R F etcher, 

 Stoneelough. Manchester. 2, Master H.H. Newbitt. Epworth. /tc, E. Walton. 



Bantams.— Cia-t, -Cup. 1, and 2, R. H. Asbton. Mottram, M.incliPstcr. lie, 

 E.Walton, c, W, W. Taylor, Lincoln; C. Caldicott, Gaiosborouffh ; A. & T. 

 Wells. Ripon. Any other variety.— I, J. Watts. 2. B. H. Crabtree, Manchester. 



Bttnms.—Any variety —Cock. — 1, Mrs. E. Newbitt, Epworth. 2, R. H. 

 Ashton. 8, T. W. Anns, Clapham ; E. Walton, he, J. Smith, Sunderland, c. 

 Master H. H. Newbitt. Hen.-l and 2, Mrs. E. Newbitt. S, R. H. Aahton. he, 

 J. & G. Tonge. Epworth ; E. Dawson, Epworth. c, Wells & Taylor. 



Selling Class.- 1, Furness & Suiall, Rawtenstall. 2, S. Brierley. vhc, R. 

 Newbitt; J. Powell, he, W. A. Burnell ; R Newbitt. 



DvcKS.-Ayle-^hurif or Rouen.— I, J. White. 2. S. R. Harris, he, W. G. 

 "Waters; G. W. Hiobert; W. Brant.Barrow, Ulceby. ^nj/ot/iervariefj/.- 1 and 

 2, W. Binns, Pudsey, Leeds. 



PIGEONS. 



Carriers.—!. H. Yardley, Birmingham. 2 and c, Miss F. Seanor, Leeds. 3, 

 "W. Setton. Blaekbum. he. W. Harvev. 



Pouteks.— 1 and 'S, W. Harvey. 2, W. Nottage. ha, A. Spencer, Driffield (2) ; 

 "W. Nottage; W. Harvey. 



Thmblers.— Cup and 1. H. Yardley. 3 and he, "W. Harvey. 3, G. Gardner, 



.Iacobinb.— I. R G. Sanders, Beverley. 2, W. Harvey. 3 and he, A, .\.Vander 

 Meersch, London. 



Fastails.— 1 and 2. J. F. Loveraidge, Newark. S and lie, W. H. Tomlinson. 



Turbits.— 1. A. A. Vander Meersch. 2, J. Watts. 3, C. E. Horsfall, Liver- 

 pool, he, W. Sefton. 



Maopies.— 1 and /I'-, Miss F. Seanor. 2. M Ord. S. A. A Vander Meersch. 



Barbs.— 1 and 2. W. H trvey. 3 and c. Miss F. Seanor. he, C. Wroot, Hull ; 

 H. Yardlev; W.Harvey. 



Antwekps.— 1, J. Crossland, Wakefield. 2, J. Watts. 3, W. Sefton. he, J. 

 Gardner; H. Yardley. 



Draooons.— 1. W. .Sefton. 2. W. Smith. Walton. Liverpool: W.Harvey. 3, 

 W.Smith. hc,yf. Sefton; J.Gardner; li. Yardley (2); A. Bentley. Londdn. 

 e, .1. Watts. 



Any othrr Variety.- 1, W. Harvey. 2, W. Sefton ; "t. Or.l. 8, Miss F. 

 Seanor. f/ic. W. Setton ; W. Harvey, ftc, A. & W. H. Silvester; J. O. Elwis, 

 Doncaster ; J. Watts ; U. Yardley. 



Sbllino Class —,Sinj;Ie Bird,— I and itc, R. G. Sunders. 2, A. A. Vauder 

 Meersch. c, J. Watts. 



CAGE BIRDS. 



Canahieb.— rt.'//ow.— 1, J. Bexson, Derby. 2, G. Yates. Thorno. vhc, L. Belk, 

 Dewsburv. he, T. Green, Gainsborougli c, B. Hanson. Thorne : L. Belk : T. 

 Green. BHiT.— I. G. Yates. 2 »nd u/tc, J. Bexson. /^c and c. L. Belk. Green or 

 Variegated.— \, T. Green. 2, L Belk. c, D. Salisbury, Epworth ; L. Belk. 



Goldkinoh.— I. L. Belk. 2, G. Y'ates. he, D. Salisbury; T. Green; J. Boyes, 

 Epworth; Mrs. Wainwright; J. Bexson. 



Linnets —I.Mrs. J. Curtis, Epworth. 2, T. Kirk, Bnmham. rhc. W. Balm- 

 fortb, Epworth. 



Any other Variety.— 1, J. Bexson (Buff Cinnamon). 2, Master F. Allen, 

 Thome (Paroquet). 3. D. Salisbury, he, W. Temperton, Barnham ; L. Belk; 

 T. Green; J. Bexson (Tongue-marked Cinnamon), c, L. Belk; R, Barber, 

 Grimsby; T.Green. 



RABBITS. 



Lop-eared.— 1, W. Allison, Sheffleld. 2, F. R. Edwardson, Liverpool, he, T, 

 Garner, Ktngsthorpe, Northampton. 



Any t>THER BttBED.— 1. J. H. Brand. Barton.on-Humber. 2, F. Sabbage, 

 Northampton, vlic, R. H, Glew. Wakefield, he, S. Brierley (Angora); W. H. 

 Tomlinson (Himalayan): Owen A- Pear.^on, Kettering, Northampton ; W.Don- 

 kin, Driffield, c, Owen & Pearson ; T. Garner. 



CkTS.-Ami Breed or Kind— I, H. Dundas. Epworth. 2, T. Steel, Epworth 

 (Angora). )ic, Miss Capes. Epworth (Persian); Miss E. Wells, Epworth. 



Judge. — Mr. E. Hutton, Pudsey, Leeds. 



THE QUEEN BEE. 



Having a unicomb hive containing four "Woodbury bar-frames 

 surrounded by glass, except the bottom, ends, and top, and the 

 space between the combs and glass being only half an inch, I 

 can see the queen on all occasions, and I will detail what I have 

 seen ; and as my observations differ, in some respects from those 

 of both Mr. Lowe and Mr. Pettigrew, they may be interesting to 

 some of your readers. 



Having broken-up a ten-bar Woodbury hive, I placed four 

 bars well filled with brood in the unicomb hive along with the 

 queen and bees, set it on a table at a bedroom window with a 

 south exposure, made a hole for the exit of the bees by raising 

 the sash a little, thus having an opportunity of examining them 

 on all occasions. The first season I was extremely fortunate in 

 observing the queen lay an egg in a queen cell. I first saw her 

 come out of the cell and go out on her marriage trip, then saw 

 her arrive home again and commence laying eggs. I will en- 

 deavour to describe in as few woods as possible all that took 

 place in the proceedings of her majesty. 



As the space got covered in the hive the bees formed three 

 queen cells, two on one side of the comb and one on the other, 

 the queen frequently examining the three cells, but always 

 passing on, till one day I saw her make a more careful scrutiny 

 of one of the cells. She left it, remaining five minutes near it, 

 while some of the bees fed her. She then returned, examined 

 it again, and deposited an egg — at least I imagined so, as she 

 wen't through all the movements she usually does when laying 

 them in worker cells. After that the cell was never at any time 

 left without a bee in it ; no sooner was one out than another 

 was in. On the eighth day the cell was sealed-up, on the ninth 

 the old queen went off with a swarm, and on the fourteenth day 

 the young princess ate herself out of the cell. 



On the eighteenth day I saw her go out at half-past one, and 

 remain twenty minutes, then come in with all the appearance of 

 a successful matrimonial trip, and on the twenty-first day she 

 was laying eggs. Tims my observations coincide with those of 

 Mr. Pettigrew, and differ from Mr. Lowe, as to the time it takes 

 to rear a queen ; though I have no doubt that, like bee-hatching, 

 it may take longer on some occasions (such as cold), than others; 

 as, like Mr. Lowe, I have seen the working bee hatched in twenty 

 days, and have also seen them not able to eat themselves out 

 till the twenty-fifth day, so there may be times when the queen 

 is not hatched till the sixteenth day. This being the only one 

 I have seen, and having watched the whole process, there can 

 be no mistake about it. 



Previous to the young princess going out on her marriage 

 tour, the bees paid no more attention to her than to an ordinary 

 bee. She went about the hive, even looking into the cells 

 where other two princesses were maturing ; but as soon as she 

 returned the bees could not make enough of her, feeling her all 

 over, cleaning and feeding her, and in twenty minutes after she 

 went direct to one of the princesses' cells which was sealed-up, 

 broke a small hole on the top, and, as I suspect from what 

 followed, killed the princess, left it, went to the other side of 

 the comb and killed the other one which was not sealed-up, and 

 in forty minutes after (though I feel loth to tell the tale, as it 

 gives the bees a character I never would have conceived of 

 them; but the truth must be told, that they are cannibals), they 

 actually ate-up both of the young princesses. The one had the 

 form of the bee but white, the other was a large grub, but both 

 were consumed by the bees. This could be distinctly seen with 

 the naked eye, though I had a microscope at the same time. 

 My observations agree with Mr. Lowe as to the way the bees 

 form a queen— that is, from a worker bee, and that they do not 

 put an egg into a queen cell when they want to rear a queen. 

 When I was in the habit of rearing artificial queens, I used to 

 pierce a hole half an inch in diameter through among the cells 

 which had new-laid eggs, and invariably there would be begun 

 two and sometimes three queen cells, adjoining where thesa 



