Permanent Sample Plots. 41 



light colored flakes on at least one side, the tree should be classed as a 

 yellow pine. 



3. The diameter taken first, whether on the south, north, east or west 

 side of the tree, should be just over the numbered tag; the second measure- 

 ment taken at right angles to this should be entered above it in the 

 records. An explanation of this fact should appear on the first page of 

 the typewritten sheets of each plot. The numbers on all plots, up to the 

 present time, have been placed on the south side of all trees; they should 

 always be placed on one side of the trees for a single plot. 



4. In many instances the first live limb on a tree is not indicative of 

 the height of the base of the crown from the ground ; in such instances the 

 base of the crown should be taken and not the limb. This measurement 

 should be taken with the hypsometer, except where the limb is very close 

 to the ground, and the reduction from the instrument reading in meters 

 be made later on in the office rather than in the field at the time the 

 measurement is taken. 



5. This should be reduced from the field reading in meters to feet in the 

 office, like the clear length reading. In the Klaussner hypsometer the 

 screws controlling the horizontal movement of the sliding weighted upright 

 should be kept tight since in using a 100 foot tape the horizontal distance 

 has to be changed only at long intervals for trees over 100 feet or under 

 50 feet high. The measured horizontal distance should always be as much 

 as the height of the tree. 



6. In ascertaining the volume of the trees by volume tables interpolations 

 must often be made to include the smaller or larger growth; a record 

 should be made of these in the typewritten copies of the reports. Wherever 

 possible tables should be used in which the volume is based on both D. B. 

 H. and total height of tree. Where cubic feet tables for different heights 

 and diameters are available for all of the species on a plot the contents 

 should be ascertained by this method also. 



8. The following classification has been used under this heading: 



A. Length — long, medium or short. 



B. Breadth — broad, medium or narrow. 



C. Vigor — full, medium, narrow or one-sided. 



D. Top — pointed, medium or flat. 



MAPPING. 



Reprodnciioii Plots. — Stakes 2" x 2" x 18"* should be set a distance of 

 one chain (66 feet) apart when the outside lines of the plot are run out 

 and also in the division of the plot into squares measuring one chain each 

 waj-. After the outside lines have been run a start is made at one of the 

 small stakes and a line of stakes set across the small dimension of the plot 

 at intervals of one chain. The stakes can be lined in with a Forest Service 

 compass where the distance does not exceed 5 or 6 chains ; for longer 

 distances a telescope sight should be used on the compass. In western 

 3'ellow pine ordinarily a scale of one inch to the chain should be used in 

 mapping in the field; where the growth is dense a scale of 4 inches to the 

 chain can be used. 



A traverse board 16" square should be set up over a stake one dhain in 

 each direction from a corner of the reproduction plot, on this board a 

 sheet of mapping paper ruled four squares to the inch should be fastened 

 with thumb tacks.* The map should be orientated by sighting with a 

 Forest Service compass on one of the nearby stakes (it is preferable that 

 a stake be used for this purpose which was set in line from two stakes on 

 opposite sides of the plot and not one which was set by measuring along). 



* Stakes should be 24" long where the ground is soft. 



*It is advisable to place heavy paper beneath sheet to avoid pricking through 

 with the hard pencil. 



