64 Forestry Quarterly. 



year old spruce was found, part of the old tree was still sound. 

 Nevertheless the current opinion that so rich a humus is favor- 

 able for reproduction, is not substantiated when the suppressed 

 growth of the seedlings in virgin forest is contrasted with the 

 growth of the same species on similar soils whose cover, be it 

 trees or grass or both, has been removed, exposing the mineral 

 soil and allowing the seedling full light. Since it is practically 

 impossible for pine and larch to reproduce themselves within the 

 virgin forest, the natural regeneration of mixed stands is only 

 possible by means of larger openings which let in sufficient light 

 and expose the mineral soil. 



Pure stands of pine on diluvial sand soils reproduce themselves 

 naturally after forest fires as well' as without their agency. 



A. B. R. 



Nezv England Trees in Winter. By A. F. Blakeslee and C. D. 

 Jarvis. Bulletin 69, Agricultural Experiment Station. Storrs, 

 Connecticut. 191 1, Pp. 307-576. 



This bulletin has been issued to meet the special need of a 

 general work upon American trees dealing with their identifi- 

 cation in the winter condition. 



It opens with a general explanatory discussion of the descrip- 

 tive headings used in the text, followed by keys to the genera and 

 to the species. The succeeding text is in the form of a page of 

 description to each species with a page of illustrations opposite. 

 Each description covers the habit, bark, twigs, buds, fruit, wood 

 and distribution, together with comparisons with similar species. 

 The illustrations are excellent, particularly the bark studies, on 

 excellent paper, and easily the best of their kind we have seen. 

 They are photographic entirely and original, those of the twigs 

 and fruit mostly to the one scale throughout ; in addition there is 

 given the habit and bark, and, in the case of conifers, the foliage. 



Despite the authors' explanation one wishes the foliage had 

 been included. The publication would have been no less useful 

 in the winter and would have been more acceptable to teachers 

 and students generally. One would have preferred, too, the 

 illustrations of foliage and fruit of the conifers on a somewhat 

 larger scale, even at the sacrifice of uniformity. 



