Periodical Literature. 89 



Recently completed research by Hesselmann 



Bog at the Swedish forest experiment station in- 



Soils. dicate that a boggy soil is inimical to tree 



growth on account of the lack of oxygen in 



the soil rather than because of an excess of moisture. Stands 



growing near springs, streams, or ponds where the water is in 



motion enough to become thoroughly aerated grow thriftily. On 



the other hand boggy soils are saturated with water which is 



practically free from oxygen, and tree growth is retarded. 



Mittcilungen aus der forstlichen Versuchsanstalt Schtvedens.. 7. Heft. 

 Centralblatt fiir das gesammte Forstwesen. October, 191 1. Pp. 485-486. 



SILVICULTURE PROTECTION AND EXTENSION. 



Whoever has to deal with waste lands, 



Silviculture where heather and raw humus afford diffi- 



on culties will read with interest the chronicles 



Heath by Frombling, written in most readable 



Lands. style, of a district in the Luneburg Heath, 



under management of the author's ancestors 



since 1801. 



Originally covered with a rich hardwood forest of beech and 

 oak, which, as long as the humus cover and full shade was pre- 

 served, thrived on the loamy sand in spite of the total absence of 

 lime, mismanagement (clearing) turned the country into a waste. 

 First come in raspberry and rose, using up the humus, then 

 Aira fle.vuosa, and finally Calluna vulgaris remains the sole pro- 

 prietor of the soil ; even good farmland which with proper treat- 

 ment would produce any crop, left to itself soon falls a victim to 

 this small plant. 



Pine and Spruce have been used to recover the ground, and 

 by the middle of last century the district in question had been 

 mostly planted up, generally by sowing cones on plats, 2 feet 

 square, 4 feet spaced, pine being used in the open heath, spruce 

 in the open coppice stands, where the presence of huckleberry 

 augured still better soil conditions. Later, for spruce, transplants 

 were used. 



Such large quantities of seed were used (10 lbs. per acre) that 

 the stands were overcrowded, but, the author states, out of such 

 stands of pine on raw humus were produced the excellent re- 



