94 Forestry Quarterly. 



elite, but also of undesirable "money bags" or "wolves" results. 

 In the plantation, the individuals are more nearly of equal devel- 

 opment, and since they do not know from early youth the need of 

 room they remain for a time under equal growth conditions, hence 

 the struggle for room when it comes, lasts longer, the trees need 

 assistance from outside, if they are not to suffer in the struggle. 

 Here then is needed a kind of thinning which the stand originat- 

 ing from natural regeneration can dispense with until middle life. 

 Man must by his labor compensate for the interference with Na- 

 ture. 



The thinning of planted spruce stands then has for its object 

 to restore to some extent growth conditions of the natural forest, 

 which is best done by a severe thinning. 



The old rule "early, moderate, often" is a measure of educa- 

 tion; its object is to aid the work of nature and direct it into 

 orderly channels ; it requires more intelligence and more labor 

 than the severer thinnings. 



Although light is not the only factor influencing development, 

 there are many reasons for seeing in the degree of light a measure 

 for most of the other favorable or unfavorable factors. (This 

 coming from a soil chemist and soil physicist is a notable utter- 

 ance ! ) 



Lichtmessungen in Fichtenbest'dnden. AUegemeine Forst- und Jagd- 

 zeitung. December, 191 1. Pp. 401-406. 



From the report of the Commission for the 

 Waste reforestation of the "Karst" lands — lime- 



Lane? stone wastes — in Krain, one of the pro- 



Planting. vinces of Austria, we extract a few statis- 



years. 

 The area to be recovered comprised about 9,000 acres. By the 

 end of 1910, 6,300 acres had been planted or 252 acres per year 

 in the average. There were expended altogether $160,000 or 

 nearly $24 per acre, of which, however, only $111,000 are charge- 

 able to actual reboisement work, making the planting cost about 

 $17.50 per acre. 



The funds for this work were to the largest extent furnished 

 by the General Government, the Province contributing $20,000. 

 and other incomes, fines, contributions, interest, etc., amounting 

 to nearly $20,000. 



