154 Forestry Quarterly. 



be forbidden. When trees stand close together it is sometimes 

 physically impossible to fell with a saw. 



7. No unnecessary damage will be done to young growth or to trees 

 left standing, and no trees shall be left lodged in the process of felling. 

 trees that are badly damaged 



(Unmarked or undesignated) 

 during the process of logging will be cut if required by the Forest 

 officers, and when such damage is due to carelessness, the trees so in- 

 jured will be paid for at twice the price herein specified. 



In enforcing this rule we must remember that some damage is 

 necessary. Logging roads, skidding and felling all mean more or 

 less damage to advance reproduction and occasionally to standing 

 timber. It is well to bear in mind that it is often better to fell 

 into a thick clump of young growth rather than into a patch of 

 sparse reproduction, simply because the seedlings can best be 

 spared where they are too dense. Officers in charge of sales must 

 take steps to stop careless felling; often inexperienced choppers 

 will do a great deal of unnecessary damage during a high wind. 

 They should use judgment to determine which trees had best be 

 cut when the wind abates. Ignorant choppers also break brittle 

 trunks by felling trees across ravines or across other stems. 



When steam skidders are allowed it is quite often only prudent 

 to leave additional seed trees to allow for some damage in skidding 

 particularly on hilly ground. 



8. The approximate minimum diameter limit at a point 4^ feet from 

 tJie ground to which living trees are to be cut is 



(Limits in inches for all 



species involved. When individual trees are marked for cutting. "Trees above these 

 diameters may be reserved for seed or protection, and merchantable trees below these 

 diameters may be marked at the discretion of the Forest officer." When other methods 

 of cutting are advisable, insert suitable provision so that the ajstem of cutting and 

 method of designation will be clear.) 



Reference is made to the special clauses 20 (a) to (i) which 

 illustrate the principle of getting away from a rigid diameter 

 limit. Yet often an approximate diameter limit is available in 

 order to give the purchaser a general idea of what will be cut and 

 what will be left standing since this affects very vitally the cost of 

 logging- It is often possible to demonstrate to the purchaser by 



