I/O forestry Quarterly. 



the sawyers since they use measuring poles instead of accurate 

 tapes. 



ALLOWANCE FOR DEFECTS IN SCALING, 



30. (a) Where logs are sap-stained scaling shall be inside of 

 the sap. (w. w. p., Kanikan, D i, 1911). 



Specific directions (a) governing the allowance for defects are 

 rarely necessary. 



"MERCHANTABLE" DEFINED. 



31. (a) All marked or dead trees which contain one or more merchant- 

 able logs shall be cut. All logs that will saw out per cent, of 



merchantable lumber shall be considered merchantable under the terms 

 of this contract. (The per cent, depending upon character of material 

 and local market conditions), (m). 



(b) Any log or long butt containing 30 per cent, or more merchant- 

 able timber will scaled, (w. w. p., D. f., w. h. w. c, Coeur d'Alene, D 

 I, 1911.) . . , 



(c) In scaling, logs of all lengths down to and including 10 feet shall 

 be considered merchantable. This clause simply defines merchantable 

 logs as based upon length and does not take into account defects or 

 crooks, which, of course, may exclude a log of any length from the 

 merchantable class, (s. p., w. y. p., w. f., Sierra, D 5. 1911). 



(d) The smallest stick of dead timber which shall be considered as 

 merchantabe under the terms of this contract shall be 8^ inches top 

 diameter and 10 feet long. (Special clause, not applicable to sales in 

 general.) (1. p., E. s., b. f., Medicine Bow, D 2, 1911). 



(e) Trees felled shall be opened up sufficiently to satisfy the Forest of- 

 ficer in charge of their conditions, and any logs in such trees which, in the 

 judgment of the Forest officer, are merchantable, shall be removed from 

 the woods scaled and paid for. (s. p., w. y. p., w. f., Sierra, D 5, 

 1911). 



(f) Cedar trees that will furnish poles at least 30 feet long and 7 

 inches in diameter at small end will be cut and paid for as provided in the 

 contract (w. w. p., c, Kaniksu, D i, 191 1). 



(g) Timber used for skid-roads and other improvements shall be ob- 

 tained free of charge when the timber so used is designated by the 

 Forest officer, and such timber will be unmerchantable under the terms 

 of this agreement, (w. w. p., c, Kaniksu D i, 1911). 



(h) Wood taken from the tops from unmerchantable saw timber neces- 

 sary for fuel in connection with the logging operations only shall be al- 

 lowed free of charge, (w. r. c, w. h., Snoqualmie, D. 6, 1910). 



These definitions (a) to (h) as to "merchantable" material 

 are instructive. 



FREQUENCY OF SCALING. 



32. (a) Scaling will be done as often as practicable in the judgment 

 of the Forest officer while cutting is in progress, and copies or abstracts 

 of the scale reports will be furnished to the purchaser after they have 

 been approved by the supervisor, (m). 



(b) Scaling will, if practicable in the judgment of the Forest officer, 



