26o forestry Quarterly. 



the plants iu the form of lumber, the remainder as logs and billets. 

 The cost of this material was approximately $6,500,000. Ninety- 

 nine per cent, of the material used was locally grown and three- 

 fourths of that brought in was domestic wood. The percentage 

 of material other states import to supply their wood-using indus- 

 tries are : Oregon, less than i ; Mississippi, i ; Louisiana, less than 

 2 ; North Carolina, 4; Kentucky, 47; Wisconsin, 50; Missouri, 64; 

 Massachusetts, 70; Maryland, 80; Illinois, 84. 



The box manufacturers of Washington consume more material 

 than any other industry in the state and over one-fourth of the 

 total amount annually used by all of the industries. The species 

 used for this purpose are in order of importance, Sitka Spruce, 

 Western Hemlock, Western Yellow Pine, Black Cottonwood, 

 Douglas Fir, Western White Pine, Western Larch and a small 

 amount of Red Gum. The waste in box manufacture amounts 

 to 15 or 20 per cent, and occasionally more. The boxes are nearly 

 all used in Washington and the Northwest, with the exception of 

 those sent to California, and a few to Alaska, Hawaii, and the 

 Orient. 



The manufacture of sash and doors mostly of the so-called "low 

 grade," is second in importance, consuming 55,482,000 feet of 

 material, of which Douglas Fir comprises nearly 93 per cent. 

 Waste frequently amounts to 15 to 20 per cent., but by the use of 

 all small pieces for sash stock has, in some instances, been reduced 

 to 5 per cent. While the market for this product is mostly local 

 it is believed that the opening of the Panama Canal will eventually 

 develop a large eastern demand. 



The cooperage industry uses 40,498,000 feet of timber, mostly 

 Douglas Fir and Sitka Spruce. In this industry are included not 

 only tanks, barrels and woodenware, but also wood stave pipes 

 which are coming into wide use in the west in the development of 

 water power, irrigation, and municipal water supply. Douglas 

 Fir cannot be used for the manufacture of barrels or tubs to con- 

 tain articles of food or alcoholic liquors, unless first lined with 

 paraffine, since the large amount of resin in the wood imparts a 

 taste to the encased materials. In making cases for food stuffs 

 Sitka Spruce, Black Cottonwood, and Western Hemlock are pre- 

 ferably used. 



The manufacture of crossarms has developed very rapidly in 



