Periodical Literature. 305 



varies from 2% at the lower end to 15% at the upper. A wagon 

 road was first built up the gulch to transport a small saw-mill 

 which was to cut the lumber for construction of the flume. All 

 the lumber used was cut by this mill and floated down in the new 

 flume to the lower end as the construction work progressed. 



The flume is built V-shaped with bents of 4 x 8 timber every 

 16 feet carrying 5 x 10 stringers, on which brackets having 4x6 

 sills and arms, and 3x6 braces are placed. These brackets form 

 the frame work of the V-shape box which is made of 2 inch 

 plank and battoned on the outside with i^ x 4 inch stuff. The 

 upper i^ miles has sides 48 inches high and brackets placed 

 mostly 2 feet apart because logs were to be loaded into the flume 

 from both sides all along this distance. For this reason too the 

 grade line was kept close to the ground. For the rest of the 

 distance, 3^ miles, the sides were 54 inches high. Considerable 

 grading, rock-work, bridging, and cribbing was required on ac- 

 count of crookedness of the gulch and the danger from high water. 

 Round pole supports were placed between each 16-foot bent on all 

 low bents, while on high bents the distance was shortened up to 

 12 feet. The latter were built with three and four posts to the 

 bent, and 2x6 lateral bracing was used. The same size sway 

 bracing was used on all bents. On the curves brackets were 

 placed 2 feet apart, and the boxes shortened to ease the curve; 

 on 10 degree curves the boxes were jointed every 12 feet; between 

 10 and 15 degree curves, jointed every 8 feet; and where over 15 

 degrees, every 6 feet. 



Feeders, flat-bottomed, were taken from the creek and its 

 branches every half to three-fourths miles where grades were 

 steep. 



Total cost of the flume including feeders and necessary dams 

 averaged about $7,500 per mile. This includes cost of engineer- 

 ing, right of way, clearing, bridging,, cribbing, rock-work, grading 

 and lumber. About 300,000 feet, all low grade, timber was used 

 in construction. 



The Timberman, January, 1912. 



